List of Glossary Terms
| 4SI |
09 - 06 - 2020 4Sight (4SI) is a Mauritius company which specialises in investing in "4th Industrial Revolution" companies and technologies. The first industrial revolution is seen as that... read more |
| 4SIGHT HOLDINGS LIMITED |
09 - 06 - 2020 4Sight (4SI) is a Mauritius company which specialises in investing in "4th Industrial Revolution" companies and technologies. The first industrial revolution is seen as that... read more |
| A PRIORI |
A Latin phrase meaning "known ahead of time" or more precisely, known without any empirical evidence or experience. The classical example would be a mathematical truism like 1 + 1 = 2. This truth... read more |
| ABANDON |
An option contract which is not enforced because it is out-of-the-money. Options confer a right to either buy (call) or sell (put) a certain quantity of shares (or other instruments) at a fixed... read more |
| ABANDONED BABY |
A rare candlestick pattern which can indicate either a new bullish or a new bearish trend. A bullish abandoned baby pattern occurs where there is a long red candle, representing bearish sentiment,... read more |
| ABC |
Elliott wave terminology for a three-wave countertrend (or downtrend) price movement in an Elliott cycle. Wave "a" is the first down-wave against the trend of the market. Wave "b" is a corrective... read more |
| ABG |
29 - 05 - 2020 ABSA (ABG) is one of the largest banking groups operating in Africa. It has well-established branches in 12 African countries and representative offices in at least 6 more.... read more |
| ABNORMAL ITEM |
An income or expense which may be part of the company's normal business but which is abnormal in amount. So, an unusually high expense or income might be considered abnormal. This is to distinguish... read more |
| ABOVE-THE-LINE |
Any normal expense or income which has been included in the calculation of a company's gross profit and which is a part of its normal business (such as cost-of- sales or sales). This is as opposed... read more |
| ABSA GROUP LTD |
29 - 05 - 2020 ABSA (ABG) is one of the largest banking groups operating in Africa. It has well-established branches in 12 African countries and representative offices in at least 6 more.... read more |
| ACCELERATE PROPERTY FUND LIMITED |
26 - 03 - 2020 Accelerate Property (APF) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which is split 70% retail, 15% office and 15% industrial across six South African provinces. Its flagship... read more |
| ACCELERATED BOOKBUILD |
An offering of new shares in the short term which is non-promoted to institutional investors in order to raise capital. An accelerated bookbuild is an immediate means of financing for a company... read more |
| ACCENTUATE LIMITED |
08 - 05 - 2020 Accentuate (ACE) is a supplier of materials to the flooring, chemical blending, commercial cleaning, water treatment and maintenance industries. It has 5 regional offices... read more |
| ACCEPTANCE |
Where a bank "accepts" some kind of debt instrument usually at a discount. Debt instruments are basically IOU's written by one organisation in favour of another. If the company that is owed the... read more |
| ACCEPTANCE DATE |
The date on which the right acquired by a shareholder as a result of a rights issue must be exercised. Listed companies often raise additional capital from their existing shareholders by undertaking... read more |
| ACCOMMODATION |
The extension of credit by the Reserve Bank to commercial banks. The central bank acts as a banker to the commercial banks, lending them money as they need it through what is known as the "discount... read more |
| ACCOUNTANCY |
A set of conventions for recording and gathering financial transactions in an organisation. The academic discipline which is accountancy has established a set of conventions for totaling the... read more |
| ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM |
Accountants are notoriously conservative people. Conservatism applies to incomes, expenses, liabilities and assets of unknown amounts. To be conservative means generally expecting incomes to... read more |
| ACCOUNTING CONVENTION |
These are conventions developed by the accounting profession to ensure that the financial statements display a clear and accurate picture of the progress of the business during the accounting.... read more |
| ACCOUNTING PERIOD |
The period of time over which the financial affairs of a company are being accounted for in the financial statements. The matching principle ensures that the incomes for the accounting period... read more |
| ACCOUNTING POLICY |
A policy established by the board of directors for the allocation of transaction entries into the books of account. For public, listed companies, the accounting policies are normally set out... read more |
| ACCOUNTS PAYABLE |
Amounts owing to the company's creditors in the balance sheet. These appear under current liabilities. These amounts are owed by the company in the short term (normal commercial periods of 30,... read more |
| ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE |
Amounts owing to the company, usually by customers who have bought products on credit. This is another term for "debtors" and appears in the balance sheet under current assets. This indicates... read more |
| ACCRUAL |
A balance sheet item that consists of an expense or income which has not yet been paid or received. So, for example, if a company owes rent on the date of the balance sheet then it would be shown... read more |
| ACCUMULATION |
When the volumes traded in a share start to pick up while the share price moves sideways or upwards, this is known as an "accumulation phase". It indicates that the share is becoming stronger.... read more |
| ACE |
08 - 05 - 2020 Accentuate (ACE) is a supplier of materials to the flooring, chemical blending, commercial cleaning, water treatment and maintenance industries. It has 5 regional offices... read more |
| ACG |
11 - 05 - 2020 Anchor (ACG) is a local and off-shore financial services holding company with primarily three businesses - asset management, private clients and stockbroking. It listed on... read more |
| ACID TEST RATIO |
An accounting ratio used to determine whether a company's current assets excluding its stock (i.e. just its debtors book and cash balance) is sufficient to pay off its current liabilities. The... read more |
| ACID TURN RATIO |
The ratio os a company's turnover to its assets. The ratio is calculated by dividing a company's total sales by the average value of its assets during the financial period. The purpose is to... read more |
| ACL |
09 - 04 - 2020 ArcelorMittal (ACL) is South Africa's largest steel producing company. It has survived where companies like Highveld Steel disappeared. Arguably, ArcelorMittal felt the impact... read more |
| ACQUISITION |
This is when one company acquires more than 50% of the shares of another. The company acquiring the shares then becomes the "holding company" and the acquired company becomes a "subsidiary".... read more |
| ACS |
01-06-2020 Acsion (ACS) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) with properties mainly in the retail sector. The portfolio is worth R8,3bn with a gross lettable area (GLA) of 257321 square... read more |
| ACSION LIMITED |
01-06-2020 Acsion (ACS) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) with properties mainly in the retail sector. The portfolio is worth R8,3bn with a gross lettable area (GLA) of 257321 square... read more |
| ACT |
18 - 03 - 2020 Afrocentric (ACT) is a black-owned investment holding company which focuses on health administration and insurance. Sanlam recently acquired 28,7% of the company which will... read more |
| ACT OF GOD |
A completely unpredictable event or "black swan" (see The Black Swan" by Nasssim Talbert) event, usually but not always occurring as a result of some natural phenomenon such as a hurricane, flood... read more |
| ACTUALS |
(1) Refers to actual physical commodities, as distinguished from the futures on those commodities. So, for example, there is a "spot" market for gold which shows the actual trading of gold day-to-day... read more |
| ACTUARIES INDEX |
Most stock market indexes, except for the very simplest are calculated by actuaries. This is because the calculation must take into account the minute-to-minute trading in the market and accommodate... read more |
| ACTUARY |
An actuary is an expert in mathematics and statistics who is capable of calculating the probability of key commercial events or of calculating the changing weightings in a stock market index.... read more |
| ACZ |
06 - 06 - 2020 Arden Capital (ACZ) is an investment holding company registered in Mauritius which specialises in running tourist-orientated businesses in Zimbabwe, particularly hotels, game... read more |
| ADAM SMITH |
The first person to study and write about economics. Adam Smith (1723 - 1790) is regarded as the father of the discipline of economics. His book "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the... read more |
| ADAPTIT HOLDINGS LTD |
27 - 02 - 2020 Adapt IT (ADI) is an IT company, similar to EOH, but smaller. It has activities in the hospitality, manufacturing, energy, education and financial services sectors. It has... read more |
| ADCOCK INGRAM HOLDINGS LTD |
24 - 02 - 2020 Adcock (AIP) is a leading supplier of pharmaceuticals to both the private and public sector in South Africa. It has also diversified to India and other sub-Saharan countries.... read more |
| ADCORP HOLDINGS LIMITED |
01 - 07 - 2020 Adcorp (ADR) is an employment company with subsidiaries operating in South Africa and Australia. Managerially, efforts have been made in (1) defining and focusing on the core... read more |
| ADH |
01-06-2020 Advtech (ADH) is one of three listed commercial educational companies on the JSE (the others are Curro and its recently spun off sister company, Stadio). Advtech has two divisions... read more |
| ADI |
27 - 02 - 2020 Adapt IT (ADI) is an IT company, similar to EOH, but smaller. It has activities in the hospitality, manufacturing, energy, education and financial services sectors. It has... read more |
| ADJUSTED TOTAL EQUITY |
This is also known as "adjusted shareholders' equity" and refers to the total amount of money which the shareholders have in a business - the adjustment made is that it excludes any unrealised... read more |
| ADMINISTERED PRICE |
Prices of certain products in South Africa are determined, not by the forces of supply and demand, but by various government departments and institutions. For example, water, paraffin, electricity... read more |
| ADR |
01 - 07 - 2020 Adcorp (ADR) is an employment company with subsidiaries operating in South Africa and Australia. Managerially, efforts have been made in (1) defining and focusing on the core... read more |
| ADRENNA PROPERTY GROUP LIMITED |
26 - 08 - 2019
Adrenna (ANA) is a very thinly traded small real estate investment trust (REIT) with a market capitalisation of R53m which concentrates on property in the Western Cape. It owns... read more |
| ADRS |
Certificates that are issued by a bank of US origin and traded in the U.S. as domestic shares. The certificates represent the foreign securities that the bank holds in that security's country... read more |
| ADVANCE/DECLINE RATIO |
This is a refinement of the net advance/decline line (Net A/D), calculated by dividing the difference between the total number of shares up and the total number of shares down by the total number... read more |
| ADVANCED HEALTH LTD |
22 - 05 - 2020 Advanced Health (AVL) is a small Alt-X listed company in the healthcare industry that specialises in day clinics in South Africa and Australia. The company listed in April... read more |
| ADVERSE EXCURSION |
The loss attributable to price movement against the position in any one trade from the time that the trade began. So, for example, if XYZ shares were bought for 1000c each and the share has fallen... read more |
| ADVICE |
Investment advice has become a big industry in South Africa and world-wide. Lay people with surplus cash obviously... read more |
| ADVTECH EDUCATION LTD |
01-06-2020 Advtech (ADH) is one of three listed commercial educational companies on the JSE (the others are Curro and its recently spun off sister company, Stadio). Advtech has two divisions... read more |
| ADW |
06 - 12 - 2019 This is a small micro-lending company, listed on the Alt-X in 2004. Its share price rose as high as 550c in November 2007, but has since fallen back to 34c. The company is... read more |
| AECI LIMITED |
09 - 04 - 2020 AECI (AFE) is a leading producer of chemicals and explosives in South Africa. It supplies products for the mining industry, water treatment, animal health, food and beverages,... read more |
| AEEI |
19 - 06 - 2020 This is a black-owned investment holding company which is itself a subsidiary of Sekunjalo, a company controlled by Iqbal Surve and his family. Surve is a medical doctor who... read more |
| AEG |
18 - 05 - 2020 The once-massive construction company, Aveng (AEG), which traded at R69 a share in 2008, has been reduced to a 2c penny stock. This sad demise has been brought about by a... read more |
| AEL |
09 - 04 - 2020 Allied Electronics Corp, or Altron (AEL), is an information and communications technology company which was started by Bill Venter in 1965. It has recently been re-focusing... read more |
| AEP ENERGY AFRICA LIMITED |
12 - 02 - 2020 Afenergy (AEY) was listed on the JSE on 30th June 2017 as a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) with the idea of pursuing acquisitions in the energy sector and commercial... read more |
| AEY |
12 - 02 - 2020 Afenergy (AEY) was listed on the JSE on 30th June 2017 as a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) with the idea of pursuing acquisitions in the energy sector and commercial... read more |
| AFE |
09 - 04 - 2020 AECI (AFE) is a leading producer of chemicals and explosives in South Africa. It supplies products for the mining industry, water treatment, animal health, food and beverages,... read more |
| AFFECTED TRANSACTION |
A transaction defined in the Companies Act (71 of 2008) as one which will result in a change in the control of the company. This could be any type of merger, acquisition or even a share buy-back.... read more |
| AFH |
09 - 06 - 2020 Alexander Forbes (AFH) is a financial services company offering asset management, insurance, healthcare, retirement, consulting and wealth management to both corporate and... read more |
| AFRICA BOARD |
A division of the JSE which was abandoned in June 2012. The Africa board was originally supposed to attract companies from the rest of Africa to list on the JSE. Only two shares were eventually... read more |
| AFRICAN AND OVERSEAS |
09 - 04 - 2020 This is the holding company of Rex Truform (RTO) which is also listed on the JSE. Rex Trueform (RTO) is an extremely thinly-traded company listed on the JSE - which makes... read more |
| AFRICAN DAWN CAPITAL |
06 - 12 - 2019 This is a small micro-lending company, listed on the Alt-X in 2004. Its share price rose as high as 550c in November 2007, but has since fallen back to 34c. The company is... read more |
| AFRICAN EQUITY EMPOWERMENT INVESTMENTS LTD |
19 - 06 - 2020 This is a black-owned investment holding company which is itself a subsidiary of Sekunjalo, a company controlled by Iqbal Surve and his family. Surve is a medical doctor who... read more |
| AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITY ACT |
An American Act which allows certain African countries to export to America duty free. Altogether, 37 countries in Africa benefit from this piece of American legislation, but South Africa, because... read more |
| AFRICAN MEDIA ENTERTAINMENT LIMITED |
12 - 06 - 2020 African Media Entertainment (AME) is a company which specialises in running radio stations and whose revenue comes principally from advertising on those stations. It has four... read more |
| AFRICAN OXYGEN LTD |
09 - 04 - 2020 Afrox (AFX) is the largest company supplying liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and atmospheric gases to the mining and manufacturing industries in South Africa and 7 other African... read more |
| AFRICAN PHOENIX INVESTMENTS LIMITED |
06 - 03 - 2020 Phoenix (AXL) is a black-controlled investment holding company whose principal asset is its 100% subsidiary, Standard General Insurance (Stangen). African Bank Investments... read more |
| AFRICAN RAINBOW CAPITAL INV |
17 - 06 - 2020 African Rainbow Capital (AIL) is a BEE investment company that was formed in 2015 and listed on the JSE in September 2017. Since it was formed, AIL has invested in more than... read more |
| AFRICAN RAINBOW MINERALS LTD |
03 - 04 - 2020 African Rainbow Minerals (ARM) (ARI) is a diversified mining company controlled by Patrice Motsepe, involved in a variety of mining ventures. Its interests include platinum... read more |
| AFRICAN STOCK EXCHANGE |
A stock exchange located somewhere in Africa. The largest stock exchange in Africa is the JSE with a market capitalisation... read more |
| AFRIMAT LIMITED |
29 - 05 - 2020 Afrimat (AFT) is an open-pit mining company that supplies composites, construction materials and other commodities to a range of industries in Southern Africa. Until the end... read more |
| AFROCENTRIC INVESTMENT CORP LTD |
18 - 03 - 2020 Afrocentric (ACT) is a black-owned investment holding company which focuses on health administration and insurance. Sanlam recently acquired 28,7% of the company which will... read more |
| AFT |
29 - 05 - 2020 Afrimat (AFT) is an open-pit mining company that supplies composites, construction materials and other commodities to a range of industries in Southern Africa. Until the end... read more |
| AFTER-TAX PROFIT |
The profit of the company after taxation has been deducted. This figure is shown in the income statement and is used for calculating the return on shareholders' funds. The company tax rate in... read more |
| AFTERNOON FIX |
Twice every trading day members of the London Gold Market Fixing meet on a conference call to decide the gold price - at 10.30am (the morning fix) and then again at 3pm (the afternoon fix). It... read more |
| AFX |
09 - 04 - 2020 Afrox (AFX) is the largest company supplying liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and atmospheric gases to the mining and manufacturing industries in South Africa and 7 other African... read more |
| AGE REBATE |
The Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) offers three rebates - primary, secondary and tertiary. In the tax year ending on 28th February 2021, the primary rebate allows people under the age of 65 years... read more |
| AGENT |
A natural or juristic person who cats on behalf of another such person in a commercial transaction. When a stockbroker acts on behalf of his/her clients and has no personal interest in their... read more |
| AGL |
18 - 05 - 2020 With Anglo American (AGL), the risk normally associated with commodity stocks is mitigated in two ways. Firstly, the company has diversity of different minerals which reduces... read more |
| AGM |
This is a meeting of the shareholders of a company, which is required in terms of section 61 of the Companies Act (71 of 2008). The AGM must be held within six months of the end of the company's... read more |
| AGOA |
An American Act which allows certain African countries to export to America duty free. Altogether, 37 countries in Africa benefit from this piece of American legislation, but South Africa, because... read more |
| AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS DIVISION |
A division of the JSE that runs spot and derivatives markets in agricultural grain products. The main products are soya beans, wheat, sunflower and maize (yellow and white). In the spot market... read more |
| AGRICULTURE |
An industry engaged in the production of a wide variety of products, both animal and vegetable, by means of cultivating the land. This industry is a major part of the economy and a significant... read more |
| AH VEST LIMITED |
09 - 04 - 2020 AH Vest (AHL) produces a range of sauces under the All-Joy brand and seeks to diversify into ready meals, soups and canned vegetables. It is the second largest producer of... read more |
| AHL |
09 - 04 - 2020 AH Vest (AHL) produces a range of sauces under the All-Joy brand and seeks to diversify into ready meals, soups and canned vegetables. It is the second largest producer of... read more |
| AIL |
17 - 06 - 2020 African Rainbow Capital (AIL) is a BEE investment company that was formed in 2015 and listed on the JSE in September 2017. Since it was formed, AIL has invested in more than... read more |
| AIM |
A part of the London Stock Exchange which caters for smaller companies - in a similar way to the JSE's Alt-X. Some South African companies are listed on both the AIM and the JSE - with either... read more |
| AIP |
24 - 02 - 2020 Adcock (AIP) is a leading supplier of pharmaceuticals to both the private and public sector in South Africa. It has also diversified to India and other sub-Saharan countries.... read more |
| ALARIS HOLDINGS LIMITED |
26 - 05 - 2020 Alaris Holdings (ALH) is a designer, manufacturer and marketer of RF antennas and related equipment. Its products are used in communication, frequency spectrum monitoring,... read more |
| ALCO |
A committee of senior executives in a large company that manage the cash flow of the business to ensure that there is sufficient liquidity to meet working capital requirements and to optimise... read more |
| ALEXANDER FORBES GROUP HOLDINGS |
09 - 06 - 2020 Alexander Forbes (AFH) is a financial services company offering asset management, insurance, healthcare, retirement, consulting and wealth management to both corporate and... read more |
| ALGO |
Trading automatically, usually without human intervention, through a computer system that is directly connected to an organised exchange. This type of trading has become more common with the... read more |
| ALGORITHMIC TRADING (ALGO) |
Trading automatically, usually without human intervention, through a computer system that is directly connected to an organised exchange. This type of trading has become more common with the... read more |
| ALH |
26 - 05 - 2020 Alaris Holdings (ALH) is a designer, manufacturer and marketer of RF antennas and related equipment. Its products are used in communication, frequency spectrum monitoring,... read more |
| ALL SHARE INDEX |
All stock exchanges have indexes which provide averages of the prices of their listed shares. These averages are normally "weighted" so that larger companies are more important and smaller companies... read more |
| ALLIED ELECTRONICS CORP LTD |
09 - 04 - 2020 Allied Electronics Corp, or Altron (AEL), is an information and communications technology company which was started by Bill Venter in 1965. It has recently been re-focusing... read more |
| ALLOCATION |
The number of shares actually sold to a person who has applied to participate in a new issue. Where the shares of an initial public offer (IPO) are very popular and in great demand it may become... read more |
| ALLOTMENT LETTER |
Formerly a letter which was issued to inform someone who had applied for shares either in a rights issue or a public issue that they had been apportioned a certain number of shares. In practice,... read more |
| ALP |
28 - 05 - 2020 Atlantic Leaf Properties (ALP) is a property company, listed on the JSE and the Mauritian Stock Exchange, which has become a real estate investment trust (REIT) and intends... read more |
| ALPHA |
Premium that an investment portfolio earns above a given point of reference; a measure of stock performance independent of the market. Unit trusts and other collective investment schemes (CIS)... read more |
| ALPHAMIN RESOURCES CORPORATION |
06 - 06 - 2020 Alphamin (APH) is a tin mining and exploration company operating out of Mauritius. Its primary asset is just over 80% of Alphamin Bisie Mining which has a tin mine in the... read more |
| ALSI 40 INDEX |
An index of the 40 biggest companies trading on the JSE. This index is weighted for the market capitalisation of the companies it includes and also their "free float". It is one of five "headline"... read more |
| ALT-X |
The Alternative Exchange or Alt-X was brought in by the JSE to replace the Venture Capital Market (VCM) and the Development Capital Market (DCM) and its main purpose is to allow smaller shares... read more |
| ALT-X |
The Alt-X is part of the JSE. It is a board which is available to those companies which cannot qualify to list on the "main board". The listing requirements for the Alt-X include: (1) The company... read more |
| ALTERABLE PROVISION |
The Companies Act (71 of 2008) distinguishes between alterable and unalterable provisions. An alterable provision is one which may be changed to suit the company concerned - as opposed to an... read more |
| ALTERNATE DIRECTOR |
An individual appointed to take the place of existing director in certain specific circumstances, or at times when he is not available. The Companies Act in section 1 defines an alternate director... read more |
| ALTERNATIVE ASSET |
This is an asset which is not traded on any organised exchange in a conventional manner. So for example, properties are alternative assets, but the shares in a real estate invesment trust (REIT)... read more |
| ALTERNATIVE EXCHANGE (ALT-X) |
The Alt-X is part of the JSE. It is a board which is available to those companies which cannot qualify to list on the "main board". The listing requirements for the Alt-X include: (1) The company... read more |
| ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT MARKET |
A part of the London Stock Exchange which caters for smaller companies - in a similar way to the JSE's Alt-X. Some South African companies are listed on both the AIM and the JSE - with either... read more |
| ALVIVA HOLDINGS LIMITED |
09 - 03 - 2020 Alviva Holdings (AVV) is "one of Africa's largest providers of information and communication technology products and services". It has three operating divisions - ICT Distribution... read more |
| AMALGAMATION |
This occurs where two or more companies come under the control of one, whose shareholders then become the shareholders of the companies that were merged. The Companies Act (71 of 2008) uses the... read more |
| AME |
12 - 06 - 2020 African Media Entertainment (AME) is a company which specialises in running radio stations and whose revenue comes principally from advertising on those stations. It has four... read more |
| AMERICAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPT |
Certificates that are issued by a bank of US origin and traded in the U.S. as domestic shares. The certificates represent the foreign securities that the bank holds in that security's country... read more |
| AMERICAN OPTION |
An options contract that allows the holder to exercise the option at any time up to and on the expiration date. This is as opposed to a European option that can only be exercied on the expiration... read more |
| AMERICAN STOCK EXCHANGE |
Originally an overflow of companies that were too small to list on the New York Stock Exchange, the "Amex" used to trade on the street outside the NYSE with brokers making markets next to specific... read more |
| AMEX |
Originally an overflow of companies that were too small to list on the New York Stock Exchange, the "Amex" used to trade on the street outside the NYSE with brokers making markets next to specific... read more |
| AMEX COMPOSITE INDEX |
This is an index of approximately 250 shares trading on the NYSE Amex exchange. The NYSE Amex exchange started life as the "curb" exchange because it consisted of trade in shares which were too... read more |
| AMORTISATION |
Accounting method in which an asset's cost is spread out over a period of time. For example, a vehicle costing R100 000 might be amortised or "depreciated" over five years at a rate of R20 000... read more |
| AMS |
29 - 04 - 2020 Anglo American Platinum (AMS), or Amplats, is the second largest platinum producing company in the world (after Sibanye), producing approximately 40% of the world's platinum.... read more |
| ANA |
26 - 08 - 2019
Adrenna (ANA) is a very thinly traded small real estate investment trust (REIT) with a market capitalisation of R53m which concentrates on property in the Western Cape. It owns... read more |
| ANAUME |
Candlestick formation. An exceptional exhaustion pattern (meaning "gap filling") composed of five candles. The anaume occurs when the gap is filled in after a market price has changed directions.... read more |
| ANCHOR GROUP LIMITED |
11 - 05 - 2020 Anchor (ACG) is a local and off-shore financial services holding company with primarily three businesses - asset management, private clients and stockbroking. It listed on... read more |
| AND |
09 - 04 - 2020 Andulela (AND) is an investment holding company listed on the main board. It has two subsidiaries - 83,6% of Kilken Platinum, a producer of low cost PGMs (palladium, platinum,... read more |
| ANDREWS METHOD |
This is a technical analysis technique (also known as "Andrews pitchfork" because of its shape) for establishing upper and lower support and resistance lines.� A median line is drawn connecting... read more |
| ANDULELA INVESTMENT HOLDINGS LIMITED |
09 - 04 - 2020 Andulela (AND) is an investment holding company listed on the main board. It has two subsidiaries - 83,6% of Kilken Platinum, a producer of low cost PGMs (palladium, platinum,... read more |
| ANG |
08 - 06 - 2020 Anglogold Ashanti (ANG) is an international gold producer with operations in South Africa (the last of which has now been sold), the DRC, Tanzania, Ghana, Mali and the US.... read more |
| ANGLO AMERICAN PLATINUM LTD |
29 - 04 - 2020 Anglo American Platinum (AMS), or Amplats, is the second largest platinum producing company in the world (after Sibanye), producing approximately 40% of the world's platinum.... read more |
| ANGLO AMERICAN PLC |
18 - 05 - 2020 With Anglo American (AGL), the risk normally associated with commodity stocks is mitigated in two ways. Firstly, the company has diversity of different minerals which reduces... read more |
| ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI LTD |
08 - 06 - 2020 Anglogold Ashanti (ANG) is an international gold producer with operations in South Africa (the last of which has now been sold), the DRC, Tanzania, Ghana, Mali and the US.... read more |
| ANGLOVAAL INDUSTRIES LTD |
27 - 06- 2020 Anglovaal 6Industries (AVI) is a generalised producer of consumer products in the food, cosmetics and apparel sectors. It has a diverse range of very well-known South African... read more |
| ANH |
12 - 05 - 2020 Anheuser-Busch, or AB-Inbev (ANH), is the world's largest brewer of beer, operating in both first world countries and emerging markets. On 10th October 2016, AB-Inbev bought... read more |
| ANHEUSER-BUSCH SA LTD |
12 - 05 - 2020 Anheuser-Busch, or AB-Inbev (ANH), is the world's largest brewer of beer, operating in both first world countries and emerging markets. On 10th October 2016, AB-Inbev bought... read more |
| ANNUAL EARNINGS CHANGE |
The historical earnings change between the most recently reported fiscal year's earnings and the preceding or a forecast. Paragraph 3.4(b) of the JSE's Listing Requirements states that if a company's... read more |
| ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Sometimes known as an Annual Report or just the "financial statements", this is a document required by the Companies Act (71 of 2008) to be produced once a year for presentation to the Annual... read more |
| ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING |
This is a meeting of the shareholders of a company, which is required in terms of section 61 of the Companies Act (71 of 2008). The AGM must be held within six months of the end of the company's... read more |
| ANNUAL NET PROFIT MARGIN |
The percentage that the company earned from gross sales (also called "turnover") for the most recently reported fiscal year. In other words, the after-tax profit expressed as a percentage of... read more |
| ANNUAL REPORT |
Sometimes known as an Annual Report or just the "financial statements", this is a document required by the Companies Act (71 of 2008) to be produced once a year for presentation to the Annual... read more |
| ANNUAL RETURN |
Every company is required in terms of section 33 of the Companies Act (71 of 2008) to submit a return to the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC). This return must include their... read more |
| ANNUAL SALES CHANGE |
The percentage change in sales (turnover) between the most recently reported financial year and the preceding. You should note that unless the increase in sales is more than the going inflation... read more |
| ANNUALISE |
The process of adjusting performance or return which has been made over a period of less than or more than a year so that it can be compared with the annual results of other entities. For example,... read more |
| ANNUITY INCOME |
An income which comes in regularly, usually as the result of a contractual obligation and a pre-arranged bank debit order. When analysing a share, it is always good to determine how much of its... read more |
| APEC |
APEC is a group of 21 countries formed in 1989 to encourage trade among the pacific rim countries. The countries in APEC are: United States; Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China;... read more |
| APF |
26 - 03 - 2020 Accelerate Property (APF) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which is split 70% retail, 15% office and 15% industrial across six South African provinces. Its flagship... read more |
| APH |
06 - 06 - 2020 Alphamin (APH) is a tin mining and exploration company operating out of Mauritius. Its primary asset is just over 80% of Alphamin Bisie Mining which has a tin mine in the... read more |
| APN |
18 - 06 - 2020 Aspen (APN) is a pharmaceutical company which trades in 150 countries in a wide range of specialty and branded products aimed at a range of acute and chronic medical conditions.... read more |
| APPLICANT |
An investor who applies for shares in a company's new issue. Sometimes, if the company is seen to be a very good investment, the shares will be heavily "over-subscribed". In this situation, the... read more |
| APPLICATION |
This is a form completed by someone who wishes to buy shares as part of a primary market offer. When companies list on the stock exchange, they normally do so by way of an initial public offer... read more |
| APPRAISAL RIGHTS |
Where a minority shareholder does not agree with a fundamental transaction (i.e. one which will change the control of the company, such as a merger or acquisition, or dispose of its main business)... read more |
| ARA |
11 - 05 - 2020 Astoria (ARA) was an investment company which was formed to give investors exposure to an international selection of equities in developed economies. Among its investments... read more |
| ARB HOLDINGS LTD |
03 - 07 - 2020 ARB Holdings (ARH) is an electrical contracting company that owns property and is involved in vehicle leasing. It owns 74% of ARB Electrical Wholesalers which has 23 branches... read more |
| ARBITRAGE |
Simultaneous trading in assets, currency or bills of exchange in different international markets, to take advantage of the different rates of return ruling in each. For example, Anglo American... read more |
| ARCELORMITTAL SA LTD |
09 - 04 - 2020 ArcelorMittal (ACL) is South Africa's largest steel producing company. It has survived where companies like Highveld Steel disappeared. Arguably, ArcelorMittal felt the impact... read more |
| ARDEN CAPITAL LIMITED |
06 - 06 - 2020 Arden Capital (ACZ) is an investment holding company registered in Mauritius which specialises in running tourist-orientated businesses in Zimbabwe, particularly hotels, game... read more |
| ARGENT INDUSTRIAL LIMITED |
19 - 11 - 2019 Argent (ART) is a manufacturer and beneficiator of steel and aluminium products supplying a wide range of businesses in South Africa. It also has operations in the US and... read more |
| ARH |
03 - 07 - 2020 ARB Holdings (ARH) is an electrical contracting company that owns property and is involved in vehicle leasing. It owns 74% of ARB Electrical Wholesalers which has 23 branches... read more |
| ARI |
03 - 04 - 2020 African Rainbow Minerals (ARM) (ARI) is a diversified mining company controlled by Patrice Motsepe, involved in a variety of mining ventures. Its interests include platinum... read more |
| ARL |
21 - 05 - 2020 Astral Foods (ARL) is a leading poultry producer in South Africa. The company’s activities include integrated broiler operations, where they have a processing capacity... read more |
| ARMS INDEX |
Also known as TRading INdex (TRIN): An advance/decline stock market indicator. A reading of less than 1.0 indicates bullish demand, while greater than 1.0 is bearish. The index is often smoothed... read more |
| ARROWHEAD |
Arrowhead (AWA) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which owns a diversified South African portfolio and shares in a number of other property companies worth in total R5,7bn. Its portfolio... read more |
| ARROWHEAD PROPERTY LIMITED |
10 - 06 - 2020 Arrowhead (AWA) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which owns a diversified South African portfolio and shares in a number of other property companies worth in total... read more |
| ART |
19 - 11 - 2019 Argent (ART) is a manufacturer and beneficiator of steel and aluminium products supplying a wide range of businesses in South Africa. It also has operations in the US and... read more |
| ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION |
Prior to the Companies Act (71 of 2008), this was a document, drawn up by the subscribers of a company at its inception, which governed the internal affairs and management of the company. The... read more |
| ASC |
20 - 04 - 2020 Ascendis Health (ASC) is a South African company which manufactures brands aimed at health in animals, plants and people. The company has recently sold off its sports nutrition... read more |
| ASCENDING FORMATION |
A formation, which is part of an uptrend, where the share price forms a triangle bounded by a horizontal resistance line at the top and characterised by a pattern of rising bottoms. Consider... read more |
| ASCENDING SCALLOP |
Similar to the cup and handle formation, this chart formation occurs when price dips momentarily, forming a cup, before resuming its upward course. Typically bullish, the scallop form can be... read more |
| ASCENDIS HEALTH LIMITED |
20 - 04 - 2020 Ascendis Health (ASC) is a South African company which manufactures brands aimed at health in animals, plants and people. The company has recently sold off its sports nutrition... read more |
| ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION (APEC) |
APEC is a group of 21 countries formed in 1989 to encourage trade among the pacific rim countries. The countries in APEC are: United States; Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China;... read more |
| ASK |
The price at which a investor who is holding a share (or other security) is willing to sell. Also referred to as the "offer price." The JSE's computer system will automatically execute a transaction... read more |
| ASPEN PHARMACARE HOLDINGS LTD |
18 - 06 - 2020 Aspen (APN) is a pharmaceutical company which trades in 150 countries in a wide range of specialty and branded products aimed at a range of acute and chronic medical conditions.... read more |
| ASR |
09 - 04 - 2020 Assore (ASR) is a miner of base metals, especially iron ore, manganese and chrome. It has 50% of Associated Manganese (Assmang) with partner African Rainbow Minerals. The... read more |
| ASSESSED LOSS |
A loss made by a business which has been accepted as valid by the Receiver of Revenue. Such assessed losses can be carried forward and off-set against the profits of the next period. Sometimes... read more |
| ASSET |
An item on the balance sheet that means the possessions of a company, an organisation or an individual. Assets can be tangible (e.g. a vehicle), or intangible (e.g. goodwill). Assets can be fixed... read more |
| ASSET BACKING |
A strong asset backing indicates that a company has large resources of assets. These may reside in a parent company, or they may belong to the company itself. As a private investor, you need... read more |
| ASSET BASE |
A concept which came from the previous Companies Act and its doctrine of Capital Preservation. Money raised by a company as a result of issuing shares to the public was protected by the Companies... read more |
| ASSET BUBBLE |
An asset bubble is a period where the price of a particular asset reaches unsustainable levels due to investor enthusiasm. Over the centuries there have been a number of famous asset bubbles.... read more |
| ASSET CLASS |
A category of assets which all have similar characteristics. Thus shares, property, commodities, and fixed interest investments bonds are all particular asset classes. The characteristics of... read more |
| ASSET LIABILITY COMMITTEE (ALCO) |
A committee of senior executives in a large company that manage the cash flow of the business to ensure that there is sufficient liquidity to meet working capital requirements and to optimise... read more |
| ASSET MANAGEMENT |
The management of listed or unlisted assets (equities, options etc.). |
| ASSET MANAGER |
The JSE is dominated by institutional investors which account for as much as 90% of all trades. These institutions are pension funds, insurance companies and unit trusts. The funds which they... read more |
| ASSET MARKET |
An asset market is the spot market for a particular asset. Thus, the gold market or the oil market or the market for pork bellies in America. Financial assets like shares and bonds are also asset... read more |
| ASSET OF LAST RESORT |
An asset which will hold its value irrespective of any developments in the economy. Investors are primarily concerned with achieving a balance between risk and security. In general the rule is... read more |
| ASSET STRIPPING |
This occurs where a company is purchased because the market price of its shares is less than the value of its assets. Assets are then sold and a profit is realised. |
| ASSET TURN RATIO |
The ratio of a company's sales or turnover to the average value of assets held over the accounting period. The objective is to determine how efficiently the company is using its assets to generate... read more |
| ASSIGNMENT |
When a trader sells short an option, he may be assigned in the event that the purchaser exercises the option. A trader with a short call position is assigned a short futures position. A trader... read more |
| ASSOCIATED COMPANY |
A company in which between 20% and 50% of the share capital is held. Where less than 20% is held then the shares would be considered an "investment" and where more than 50% is held it would be... read more |
| ASSORE LTD |
09 - 04 - 2020 Assore (ASR) is a miner of base metals, especially iron ore, manganese and chrome. It has 50% of Associated Manganese (Assmang) with partner African Rainbow Minerals. The... read more |
| ASTORIA INVESTMENTS LIMITED |
11 - 05 - 2020 Astoria (ARA) was an investment company which was formed to give investors exposure to an international selection of equities in developed economies. Among its investments... read more |
| ASTRAL FOOD LIMITED |
21 - 05 - 2020 Astral Foods (ARL) is a leading poultry producer in South Africa. The company’s activities include integrated broiler operations, where they have a processing capacity... read more |
| ASTROPHYSICAL CYCLE |
Any earthly cycle, such as a market cycle, that has been scientifically related to the physics of the planetary system. |
| ASX |
Formed in 1987 with the amalgamation of the six state exchanges, the ASX is offers organised exchanges in equities, derivatives, fixed interest and commodities. It is one of the 10 largest securities... read more |
| AT BEST |
An instruction given to a stockbroker by his clients to sell or buy "at best" would give the broker freedom to purchase or sell the shares concerned at the price most advantageous to his client... read more |
| AT CALL |
The term used to describe money placed, usually with a bank, which can be drawn immediately - as opposed to money which is tied up for a period of time. The rate of interest which the bank pays... read more |
| AT MARKET |
An order to be transacted immediately against the best opposite order in the book at the time of making such entry. |
| AT-THE-MONEY |
An option whose strike price is nearest the current price of the underlying deliverable. |
| ATL |
Atlatsa (ATL) is a BEE company involved in platinum group metals (PGM) in the Bushveld Complex. It has a primary listing on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) and a secondary listing on the Alt-X... read more |
| ATLANTIC LEAF PROPERTIES LIMITED |
28 - 05 - 2020 Atlantic Leaf Properties (ALP) is a property company, listed on the JSE and the Mauritian Stock Exchange, which has become a real estate investment trust (REIT) and intends... read more |
| ATLATSA RESOURCES CORP |
Atlatsa (ATL) is a BEE company involved in platinum group metals (PGM) in the Bushveld Complex. It has a primary listing on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) and a secondary listing on the Alt-X... read more |
| ATS |
ATS (see SETS). In 1996 the open outcry trading floor was closed on 7 June and replaced by an order driven, centralised, automated trading system known as the Johannesburg Equities Trading (JET)... read more |
| ATT |
07 - 03 - 2020 Attacq (ATT) is a BEE level 2 property developer that converted to a real estate investment trust (REIT) in May 2018 and has been listed on the JSE since 2013. It is the owner... read more |
| ATTACQ LTD |
07 - 03 - 2020 Attacq (ATT) is a BEE level 2 property developer that converted to a real estate investment trust (REIT) in May 2018 and has been listed on the JSE since 2013. It is the owner... read more |
| ATTRIBUTABLE EARNINGS |
That part of a company's profit which is "attributable" to the ordinary shareholders. In other words, after the normal operating expenses have been deducted, together with finance costs, extraordinary... read more |
| ATTRIBUTABLE PROFIT |
That part of a company's profit which is "attributable" to the ordinary shareholders. In other words, after the normal operating expenses have been deducted, together with finance costs, extraordinary... read more |
| AUDIT |
All companies listed on the JSE have to produce at least two sets of audited financial statements each financial year - interim and final. Those financials must be audited by recognised firm... read more |
| AUDITOR |
A person who is qualified to conduct an audit on a company or other organisation. Auditors are either internal auditors working for the company that they are auditing or external, in which case... read more |
| AUDITORS' REPORT |
A part of the annual financial statements required by the Companies Act where the auditors state that they have examined the financials and that in their opinion they represent a fair picture... read more |
| AUSTRALIAN SECURITIES EXCHANGE (ASX) |
Formed in 1987 with the amalgamation of the six state exchanges, the ASX is offers organised exchanges in equities, derivatives, fixed interest and commodities. It is one of the 10 largest securities... read more |
| AUTHORISED SHARES |
The number of shares in each class which a company is authorised to issue to the public or in exchange for assets. The authorised shares must be stated in the Memorandum of Incorporation, but... read more |
| AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEM |
ATS (see SETS). In 1996 the open outcry trading floor was closed on 7 June and replaced by an order driven, centralised, automated trading system known as the Johannesburg Equities Trading (JET)... read more |
| AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA) |
A linear stochastic model forecasting methodology described by Box and Jenkins in their book "Time Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control". |
| AVENG LTD |
18 - 05 - 2020 The once-massive construction company, Aveng (AEG), which traded at R69 a share in 2008, has been reduced to a 2c penny stock. This sad demise has been brought about by a... read more |
| AVERAGE |
The mean of a set of numbers. Averages are used extensively in the share market for the determination of market indexes and economic data. The moving average in its various forms (simple, exponential,... read more |
| AVERAGE COST |
A method of valuing shares in a portfolio at the average of what they cost. For example, if 100 shares are bought for 100 cents each and then a further 100 of the same shares are bought for 150... read more |
| AVERAGE DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT INDEX |
Indicator developed by J. Welles Wilder to measure market trend intensity. Average Directional Movement Index Technical Indicator (ADX) helps to determine if there is a price trend. It was developed... read more |
| AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES IN ISSUE |
Certain statistics for listed companies on the JSE are given in the form of "per share" data - such as earnings per share and dividends per share. These ratios rely on the number of shares in... read more |
| AVERAGE TRUE RANGE |
A moving average of the true range. Developed by J. Welles Wilder and introduced in his book, New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems (1978), the Average True Range (ATR) indicator measures... read more |
| AVI |
27 - 06- 2020 Anglovaal 6Industries (AVI) is a generalised producer of consumer products in the food, cosmetics and apparel sectors. It has a diverse range of very well-known South African... read more |
| AVIOR CAPITAL MARKETS HOLDINGS LIMITED |
05 - 02 - 2020 Avior (AVR) is a capital markets research and trading firm covering equities, fixed interest and derivative markets in Southern Africa. The company claims to have 200 institutional... read more |
| AVL |
22 - 05 - 2020 Advanced Health (AVL) is a small Alt-X listed company in the healthcare industry that specialises in day clinics in South Africa and Australia. The company listed in April... read more |
| AVOIDANCE |
The organisation of a person's financial affairs in such a way as to minimise their tax liability within the requirements of the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962). In other words, avoidance means using... read more |
| AVOISION |
Taking advantages of those parts of the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) which are not clear to get out of paying tax. This practice runs the risk that it is found to be evasion rather than avoidance... read more |
| AVR |
05 - 02 - 2020 Avior (AVR) is a capital markets research and trading firm covering equities, fixed interest and derivative markets in Southern Africa. The company claims to have 200 institutional... read more |
| AVV |
09 - 03 - 2020 Alviva Holdings (AVV) is "one of Africa's largest providers of information and communication technology products and services". It has three operating divisions - ICT Distribution... read more |
| AWA |
10 - 06 - 2020 Arrowhead (AWA) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which owns a diversified South African portfolio and shares in a number of other property companies worth in total... read more |
| AXL |
06 - 03 - 2020 Phoenix (AXL) is a black-controlled investment holding company whose principal asset is its 100% subsidiary, Standard General Insurance (Stangen). African Bank Investments... read more |
| AYO |
28 - 05 - 2020 This is a black-owned technology company that was spun out of AEEI and in which AEEI still holds 49,4%. There were suspicious circumstances with a massive R4,3bn investment... read more |
| AYO TECH SOLUTIONS LTD |
28 - 05 - 2020 This is a black-owned technology company that was spun out of AEEI and in which AEEI still holds 49,4%. There were suspicious circumstances with a massive R4,3bn investment... read more |
| B ORDINARY SHARES |
A second tier of share capital which has different risk and return characteristics from the "A" ordinary shares. For example, following its merger with Gemgrow, Arrowhead real estate investment... read more |
| BA |
A document, also known as a "bill of exchange" in terms of which a commercial bank accepts that it will pay the holder within a specified period, such as 90 days ,from the issue date. For example,... read more |
| BA RATE |
The annualised interest rate at which financial institutions (typically banks) accept or discount bills of exchange. Often in business a company in need of short-term cash will sell a bill of... read more |
| BACK MONTHS |
Those futures delivery months with expiration or delivery dates furthest into the future; in other words, futures delivery months other than the spot, or nearby, delivery month. |
| BACK OFFICE |
This is the department in a stockbroking firm, which deals with settlement procedures, such as controlling electronic settlements on behalf of clients and the maintenance of accounts. |
| BACK-DOOR LISTING |
Where a company buys assets, the value of which greatly exceeds its net asset value in exchange for the majority of its shares - so that the seller of the assets ends up with a controlling stake.... read more |
| BACK-END RATIO |
The ratio of a person's mortgage payments plus any other loan repayments they have to his/her gross monthly income. This ratio is sometimes used by banks to determine whether a person can afford... read more |
| BACK-TESTING |
A strategy is tested or optimized on historical data and then the strategy is applied to new data to see if the results are consistent. For example, you may believe that a 200-day moving average... read more |
| BACKWARD BENDING CURVE |
An economics concept used to describe a phenomenon which occurs in the labour market. As employees are paid more per hour they will tend to work longer hours up to the point where their leisure... read more |
| BACKWARDATION |
A futures market phenomena in which the relationship between two delivery months of the same commodity is abnormal. The opposite of "contango". |
| BACTERIAL OXIDATION |
The process whereby bacteria oxidise mined ore to assist in the extraction of valuable minerals. The process has been patented by a South African company called Biomin in South Africa and is... read more |
| BAD DEBT |
This is a debt which cannot be recovered - thus forcing the company to write it off against profits. Most companies make provision for bad debts, a figure that is adjusted annually. When the... read more |
| BAIL OUT |
A bail out occurs where the government of a country or another large company injects funds to save a commercial organisation (usually a bank) from failure. The justification for this is usually... read more |
| BALANCE OF PAYMENTS |
The combined net position on the capital and current accounts of the country. The current account indicates whether South Africa is spending more foreign currency on imports than it is receiving... read more |
| BALANCE OF TRADE |
This forms part of the balance of payments calculation, but refers only to the difference between the value of exports offset against imports. While the balance of trade will reflect the level... read more |
| BALANCE SHEET |
A list of all balances taken from a company's ledger after incomes and expenses have been offset to arrive at a profit or loss. These balances are combined in carefully prescribed ways to form... read more |
| BALANCED MUTUAL FUND |
A mutual fund that seeks a return that is a combination of capital appreciation and current income, generally by building a portfolio of bonds, preferred stocks and common stocks. |
| BALOPAY |
The combined net position on the capital and current accounts of the country. The current account indicates whether South Africa is spending more foreign currency on imports than it is receiving... read more |
| BALTIC DRY INDEX |
The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is a composite index calculated by the Baltic exchange in London and made up of the Capesize, Panamax and Supramax averages. This is a measure of ship sizes. Capesize... read more |
| BALWIN PROPERTIES LIMITED |
21 - 05 - 2020 Balwin Properties (BWN) is a developer of secure sectional title properties in South Africa. The company is now turning its attention to renting out some of the properties... read more |
| BANCASSURANCE |
The working together of a bank and an insurance company to exchange their customer lists and thereby increase business. This usually involves a merger, acquisition or some other equity relationship... read more |
| BANDPASS FILTER |
An oscillator that accentuates only the frequencies in an intermediate range and rejects high and low frequencies. Implemented by first applying a low pass filter to the data and then a high... read more |
| BANK |
An organisation registered in terms of the Banks Act (94 of 1990). Commercial banks are deposit-taking institutions that must be registered under the Act to conduct the business... read more |
| BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS (BIS) |
The BIS is an international bank, owned by central banks, which acts as a bank for bankers. It was formed in 1930 by an agreement between the governments of 7 European countries and the US to... read more |
| BANK INVESTMENT CONTRACTS |
A negotiated-term deposit issued by a commercial bank. See Guaranteed Investment Contracts (GICs). |
| BANK OF ENGLAND (BOE) |
The central bank of the United Kingdom, located on Threadneedle street. Like all central banks, the BOE is engaged in monetary policy which includes controlling inflation and striving to maximise... read more |
| BANK RATE |
This is the "repurchase rate" - an interest rate which is set by the supply and demand for money between the Reserve Bank and the commercial banks.It is also sometimes known as the "base rate"... read more |
| BANKERS ACCEPTANCE (BA) |
A document, also known as a "bill of exchange" in terms of which a commercial bank accepts that it will pay the holder within a specified period, such as 90 days ,from the issue date. For example,... read more |
| BAR |
... read more |
| BAR CHART |
A bar chart shows the range of trade for the previous day, week or month by connecting the highest price reached during the day to the lowest price with a vertical bar. The opening and closing... read more |
| BARLOWORLD LIMITED |
29 - 04 - 2020 Barloworld (BAW) is an international supplier of heavy earth-moving equipment and vehicles to the mining, agriculture, infrastructure, power, automotive and logistics sectors.... read more |
| BASE CURRENCY |
In general terms, the base currency is the currency in which an investor or issuer maintains its book of accounts. In the FX market, the U.S. Dollar is normally considered the "base" currency... read more |
| BASE EFFECT |
Most economic statistics are measured over the most recent full year, but updated monthly. This means that the latest month's figures will have as much impact as the oldest month - which is now... read more |
| BASE LOAD |
The minimum electricity use on an electricity grid over a specific time period, like one week. Ideally, this level of electricity should be provided by an energy source which is constant and... read more |
| BASE METAL |
A metal which has a low value relative to its weight - as opposed to a precious or "noble" metal such as gold, silver or platinum. Base metals also corrode, rust or tarnish relatively easily... read more |
| BASE RATE |
This is the "repurchase rate" - an interest rate which is set by the supply and demand for money between the Reserve Bank and the commercial banks.It is also sometimes known as the "base rate"... read more |
| BASE SALARY |
The gross salary that is paid to an employee every month. From this are deducted pay-as-you-earn (PAYE), unemployment insurance fund contributions (UIF) and sometimes other agreed deductions.... read more |
| BASEL AGREEMENT |
An agreement between the major countries of the world on the standards to be applied to their major banks so as to minimise the risk of a bank collapse which could have knock-on effects on the... read more |
| BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE |
A company's earnings (profit) divided by the number of ordinary shares usually expressed as a number of cents per share. The earnings per share (EPS) includes all the companies incomes and expenses... read more |
| BASIL READ HOLDINGS LTD |
14 - 10 - 2019 Basil Read (BSR) was one of South Africa's leading construction companies involved in mining, civil engineering, road construction, housing and other areas. Like other construction... read more |
| BASIS POINTS |
The measure of yields on bonds, notes and interest rates; one basis point equals 0.01% of yield. For example if the Governor of the Reserve Bank announces that the "repo" rate is to increase... read more |
| BASIS RISK |
The risk that a hedge contract will not exactly eliminate the risk in the underlying instrument. For example, an investor owns 1000 ounces of gold and the gold price is $1725. To hedge out the... read more |
| BASKET TRADES |
Large transactions made up of a number of different stocks. |
| BAT |
26 - 06 - 2020 Brait (BAT) is an investment holding company which owns 78% of Virgin Active, 93,7% of Premier and 18,5% of New Look (a clothing retailer in the UK). It sold its stake in... read more |
| BATS |
10 - 06 - 2019 British American Tobacco (BTI) describes itself as a "leading consumer goods company" - which is a euphemistic way of saying that they produce and sell an enormous number... read more |
| BAU |
25 - 09 - 2019 Bauba (BAU) is a black-empowered junior mining company which has recently moved away from platinum group metals (PGM) production because of low prices to concentrate on chrome... read more |
| BAUBA PLATINUM LIMITED |
25 - 09 - 2019 Bauba (BAU) is a black-empowered junior mining company which has recently moved away from platinum group metals (PGM) production because of low prices to concentrate on chrome... read more |
| BAW |
29 - 04 - 2020 Barloworld (BAW) is an international supplier of heavy earth-moving equipment and vehicles to the mining, agriculture, infrastructure, power, automotive and logistics sectors.... read more |
| BBBEE |
A policy introduced with the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act (53 of 2003) which came into effect on 21st April 2004. This Act states its objectives as establishing a legislative framework... read more |
| BCF |
17 - 02 - 2020 Bowler Metcalf (BCF) is a plastics manufacturing company that began in 1972 and listed on the JSE in 1987. The company's products include tube manufacture, printing, injection... read more |
| BDA |
Broker Deal Accounting system provided for member firms by the JSE information technology division. The system keeps the securities records and books of account for individual member firms in... read more |
| BDI |
The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is a composite index calculated by the Baltic exchange in London and made up of the Capesize, Panamax and Supramax averages. This is a measure of ship sizes. Capesize... read more |
| BEAR |
An investor who believes that the market or a particular share is going to decline from its current position. In the share market, bulls and bears constantly tussle to dominate. When there are... read more |
| BEAR MARKET |
A market where the average of all shares is falling so that each high is lower than the previous high and each low is lower than the previous low. Bear markets usually last for between 18 months... read more |
| BEAR RAID |
... read more |
| BEAR SALE |
Here you can see that since the collapse of the oil price in the second half of 2014, the Sasol share price has been moving sideways between a support line at around R360 per share and strong... read more |
| BEAR SALE |
A sale of shares before they are purchased. A bear sale (or short sale) is the sale of an undertaking to supply a certain number of shares at a specified date in the future. It describes a situation... read more |
| BEAR SQUEEZE |
A market where the shortage of scrip or a commodity which has been heavily short-sold forces short-sellers to cover at exhorbitant prices. In earlier times a short-sale (also called a "bear sale")... read more |
| BEAR TREND |
A long downward trend in a share's price, a sector's index, the all-market index or other indicator. Bear trends and bull trends are interrupted by periods of sideways movement. Bear trends are... read more |
| BEARISH COUNTER ATTACK |
The counter part of the bullish counter attack candlestick formation, this is a top reversal signal consisting of two candles: the first is a green candle within a upward trend; the second is... read more |
| BEARISH ENGULFING PATTERN |
A top reversal candlestick formation consisting of a small green candle followed by a large red candle which engulfs the previous green candle. This formation is the counter part of the bullish... read more |
| BEE |
The Black Economic Empowerment Act (53 of 2002) aimed to empower black people through providing private sector companies with an incentive to increase the black ownership of their shares, increase... read more |
| BEE BOARD |
A section of the JSE which is devoted to the trade of black empowerment shares. These shares can only be bought and sold by black people. The need for this arises from the problem which listed... read more |
| BEL |
04 - 06 - 2020 Bell (BEL) is a manufacturer and distributor of heavy equipment, mainly earth-moving equipment to the mining construction, agriculture and waste management industries. As... read more |
| BELL CURVE |
A statistical concept which seeks to reduce a population to its average and then show the positive and negative departures from that average. So, for example, you could take all the spectators... read more |
| BELL EQUIPMENT LIMITED |
04 - 06 - 2020 Bell (BEL) is a manufacturer and distributor of heavy equipment, mainly earth-moving equipment to the mining construction, agriculture and waste management industries. As... read more |
| BELOW THE LINE |
Those expenses and incomes which are not included in the calculation of headline earnings because they are not part of the company's normal business. |
| BENEFICIAL INTEREST |
An interest of 5% or more in a company. Section 121 (1) of the Companies Act (71 of 2008) states that any investor (natural or juristic) acquiring or disposing of an interest of 5% or a unit... read more |
| BENEFICIATION |
The processing of raw materials into commodities with greater value. For example, combining iron ore, carbon and other metals to make steel. South Africa is primarily an exporter of raw materials... read more |
| BENEFIT |
An addition to an employee's wage or salary such as a clothing allowance, car allowance, pension contribution or medical aid contribution. Generally, the value such benefits are added to the... read more |
| BESA |
BESA belongs to the JSE which acquired it in 2009 and administers it. It is the largest debt market in Africa and is highly liquid and very well developed. It trades both government bonds (where... read more |
| BETA (COEFFICIENT) |
A measure of the market/non-diversifiable risk associated with any given security in the market. A ratio of an individual stock's historical returns to the average historical returns of the stock... read more |
| BETWEEN THE CHAINS |
The stock market in Johannesburg overflowed onto the street outside the old stock exchange building on the corner of Simmonds Street and Commissioner. After a time the authorities closed off... read more |
| BHP BILLITON PLC |
23 - 04 - 2020 BHP is a world-wide commodities company with its headquarters in Melbourne Australia. It processes minerals, oil and gas and it has 62000 employees, mostly in the Americas... read more |
| BICS |
A negotiated-term deposit issued by a commercial bank. See Guaranteed Investment Contracts (GICs). |
| BID |
An expression of willingness to buy a commodity or share at a given price; the opposite of "offer" or "ask". |
| BID |
17 - 04 - 2020 Bidcorp (BID) is a diversified international food company which operates in 34 countries around the world. It was spun out of Bidvest in June 2017 to release shareholder value.... read more |
| BID AND ASK |
Highest price and lowest price that an investor will pay or receive for a trade. For example, this is the highest price at which a share could be sold and the lowest price for which it could... read more |
| BID CORPORATION LTD |
17 - 04 - 2020 Bidcorp (BID) is a diversified international food company which operates in 34 countries around the world. It was spun out of Bidvest in June 2017 to release shareholder value.... read more |
| BID PRICE |
The price offered by a buyer for a share. |
| BID SIZE |
The number of futures or options contracts bid at a certain price. |
| BID/OFFER SPREAD |
This is the difference between the price at which buyers will buy shares and sellers will sell shares. For smaller, thinly-traded shares the percentage difference between the bid and the offer... read more |
| BIG BANG |
The term coined to denote the deregulation of the London Stock Exchange in 1986. It introduced dual capacity and the dematerialisation of shares. After the big bang, the "open outcry" market... read more |
| BIG MAC INDEX |
This is an index set up by The Economist magazine in 1986 and based on the cost in US dollars of a Big Mac burger, in various countries around the world. It is an indication of the relative purchasing... read more |
| BIK |
18 - 05 - 2020 Brikor (BIK) is a company that manufactures bricks, roof tiles and clay pipes. It was listed on the Alt-X in August 2007 and describes itself as "a diverse manufacturer and... read more |
| BIL |
23 - 04 - 2020 BHP is a world-wide commodities company with its headquarters in Melbourne Australia. It processes minerals, oil and gas and it has 62000 employees, mostly in the Americas... read more |
| BILL OF EXCHANGE |
A document, also known as a "bill of exchange" in terms of which a commercial bank accepts that it will pay the holder within a specified period, such as 90 days ,from the issue date. For example,... read more |
| BIOX |
The process whereby bacteria oxidise mined ore to assist in the extraction of valuable minerals. The process has been patented by a South African company called Biomin in South Africa and is... read more |
| BLACK BOX |
A proprietary, computerized trading system whose rules are not disclosed or readily accessible. Black boxes usually take the form of a computer program which receives share market data by daily... read more |
| BLACK CHIP |
A listed company whose management consists mainly of Black shareholders. |
| BLACK ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT |
The Black Economic Empowerment Act (53 of 2002) aimed to empower black people through providing private sector companies with an incentive to increase the black ownership of their shares, increase... read more |
| BLACK MONDAY |
Monday, 19th October 1987 when the New York Stock Exchange fell by almost 23% in a single trading day. On the JSE, the fall happened the next day, 20th October 1987. black... read more |
| BLACK SWAN EVENT |
This is a completely unpredictable event which has a major impact on the world economy. The best current example is the corona pandemic which caused stock markets around the world to plunge.... read more |
| BLOCK |
A large amount of stock sold as a single unit. This term is most often used to describe a unit of 1000 shares or more. |
| BLOCKED RAND |
Since the 1960's and the Sharpville riots, the South African government has been motivated to restrict and control the flow of funds out of South Africa. In order to do this they have regulated... read more |
| BLOW-OFF TOP |
A steep and rapid increase in price followed by a steep and rapid drop in price. Also called a "V-top". |
| BLSA |
An organisation represetning an estimated 90% of big business in South Africa which has the objective of defending the constitution and holding the state to account by strengthening key state... read more |
| BLT |
06 - 03 - 2020 Blue Label Telecoms (BLT) is a company which has interests in selling secure tokens of value - such as airtime, starter packs and electricity. It bought 45% of Cell-C in September... read more |
| BLUE CHIP |
A very safe share that has a long history of sound management and steady dividends. Examples of such shares are Sasol, Bidvest, First National Bank, Pick n Pay, Standard Bank and Liberty Life.... read more |
| BLUE COLLAR |
A term used to describe people who work mainly with their hands - as opposed to "white collar" who are generally office workers, involved with paper work. The term blue collar originates from... read more |
| BLUE LABEL TELECOMS LTD |
06 - 03 - 2020 Blue Label Telecoms (BLT) is a company which has interests in selling secure tokens of value - such as airtime, starter packs and electricity. It bought 45% of Cell-C in September... read more |
| BOARD |
The collective term for the directors of a company. Directors, appointed by the shareholders, are tasked with the management of the company. They have a responsibility to act in the best interests... read more |
| BOARD LOT |
The official minimum number of shares that can be traded on a stock exchange without incurring additional costs. A board lot on the JSE is 100 shares. Some stock exchanges have higher board lots... read more |
| BODY |
In candlestick charting, the body of the candle is drawn between the opening price and the closing price and is coloured either green (when the close is above the open) or red (where the close... read more |
| BODY |
That part of a candlestick chart which appears between the opening and closing prices. Normally, if the close is below the open, the bears are said to have won the day and the candle is coloured... read more |
| BOLLINGER BANDS |
An envelope indicator that draws two lines 2 standard deviations above and two standard deviations below a moving average of the share's price. The idea is that 95% of prices will occur between... read more |
| BOLT-ON ACQUISITION |
An acquisition which is small relative to the size of the acquiring company. Smaller acqusitions do not impact on the companies business culture and core activities as much as larger acquisitions... read more |
| BOND |
A long-term debt security with a stated interest rate and fixed due dates, issued by a corporation or a government, when interest and principal must be paid. The South African government regularly... read more |
| BOND EXCHANGE OF SOUTH AFRICA (BESA) |
BESA belongs to the JSE which acquired it in 2009 and administers it. It is the largest debt market in Africa and is highly liquid and very well developed. It trades both government bonds (where... read more |
| BONUS ISSUE |
A term synonymous with scrip issue and capitalisation issue which describes shares given without charge to existing shareholders in proportion to the shares already held. |
| BOOK BUILD |
When a listed company wishes to raise a large amount of capital from the public by selling shares or bonds, they normally do so through a book build. The CEO of the company and some of his directors... read more |
| BOOK LOSS |
A theoretical loss in the value of an asset which has not yet been incurred, but is recorded in the books of account. Financial accounting is generally done on an historical cost basis where... read more |
| BOOK VALUE |
This is the value at which an asset appears in the books or accounts of a company. Very often, book values are higher or lower than the real values of the assets, and can be misleading when considering... read more |
| BOOKBUILD |
A scenario in the share market where a company, or even an individual, sells a large amount of shares, called "the book", off market to institutional investors. In the case of a company, a bookbuild... read more |
| BOOM |
This describes a stage in the business cycle when economic activity is increasing. |
| BOP |
The combined net position on the capital and current accounts of the country. The current account indicates whether South Africa is spending more foreign currency on imports than it is receiving... read more |
| BORD AND PILLAR |
A mining strategy which involves excavating "bords" and leaving regular "pillars" for support purposes. Those pillars are then subsequently mined as part of a retreat strategy. This approach... read more |
| BORROWINGS |
This is a term used by share market analysts to refer to a company's long-term indebtedness. It excludes those current liabilities which arise as the result of normal business practice. |
| BOTTOM |
The lowest point in a share's price cycle. Beginners get excited when a share is going up - smart investors get excited when it is going down, especially if it is a high-quality blue chip. Their... read more |
| BOTTOM REVERSAL SIGNAL |
A term used in technical analysis to describe a formation at the bottom of a trend which signals that the trend is likely to change and become a upward trend. Examples of such formations include... read more |
| BOTTOM-UP APPROACH |
In the share market, this term usually applies to how an accountant approaches the preparation of financial statements. Accountants begin with the books of first entry, like the cash book and... read more |
| BOURSE |
A European term for a stock market. For example, the Paris Bourse, or the Frankfurt Bourse. |
| BOWLER METCALF LIMITED |
17 - 02 - 2020 Bowler Metcalf (BCF) is a plastics manufacturing company that began in 1972 and listed on the JSE in 1987. The company's products include tube manufacture, printing, injection... read more |
| BOX SIZE |
An element of point and figure charting. Point and figure is a one-dimensional chart which has no consistent x-axis showing the passage of time (unlike a line chart). The idea is to identify... read more |
| BOZU |
Literally "bald" or "monk" in Japanese; in candlestick terminology refers to a situation during which a trading cycle opens or closes on a high or low, indicating a victory for the bulls or the... read more |
| BRACKET CREEP |
Bracket creep, also called "fiscal drag" occurs because, with inflation, tax payers are pushed into higher tax brackets each year. In normal circumstances the Minister of Finance will compensate... read more |
| BRACKETING |
A trading range market or a price region that is non-trending. This means a market, share or index that is moving back and forth between two horizontal trendlines. |
| BRAINWORKS LIMITED |
04 - 10 - 2019 Brainworks (BWZ) is an exclusively Zimbabwean company with investments in the hotel and leisure industry there. It owns an array of hotels like the Monomotapa hotel and the... read more |
| BRAIT SA |
26 - 06 - 2020 Brait (BAT) is an investment holding company which owns 78% of Virgin Active, 93,7% of Premier and 18,5% of New Look (a clothing retailer in the UK). It sold its stake in... read more |
| BREADTH |
Breadth indicators are a group of indicators which measure how extensive a move in the share market is by comparing the number of shares which went up with the number that went down each trading... read more |
| BREADTH INDICATOR |
Your software includes 10 net advance/decline lines (sometimes called "breadth indicators") for various sectors and the market as a whole. The Net Over shows the number of shares in the overall... read more |
| BREAK |
Where a share, index or other instrument's price moves outside the trading range which has constrained it, breaking a trendline and so establishing a new trend or direction. |
| BREAK AWAY GAP |
A visible gap between the highest price of one day and the lowest price of the next. When a share has been trending down for some time it often reaches a point where the buyers and sellers are... read more |
| BREAK FEE |
A fee usually payable by a company seeking to make an acquisition, to the target company in the event that the acquisition for whatever reason does not go through. This acts as an incentive for... read more |
| BREAK OUT |
A technical term which indicates that a share price has moved clearly up or down after a period of relative indecisiveness or stagnation. A break-out is often a buy/sell signal, especially in... read more |
| BREAK-EVEN |
A term used by accountants to indicate that a company has reached the point where it is neither making a loss nor a profit. The expenses at a company are divided into fixed (those which are not... read more |
| BRENT |
A type of oil which is produced in the North Sea. Brent generally trades at a higher price than other types of crude oil and it is not produced by countries in the Middle East or America, so... read more |
| BRETTON WOODS AGREEMENT OF 1944 |
An agreement that established fixed foreign exchange rates for major currencies, provided for central bank intervention in the currency markets, and pegged the price of gold at U.S. $35 per ounce.... read more |
| BRICS |
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa have formed an economic alliance as emerging economies to promote economic growth and co-operation. The BRICS block is seen as opposing the European... read more |
| BRIDGING FINANCE |
This is a loan obtained by a company to tide it over a short temporary cash flow problem. |
| BRIKOR LIMITED |
18 - 05 - 2020 Brikor (BIK) is a company that manufactures bricks, roof tiles and clay pipes. It was listed on the Alt-X in August 2007 and describes itself as "a diverse manufacturer and... read more |
| BRIMSTONE INVESTMENT CORP LTD |
16 - 03 - 2020 Brimstone (BRT) is a black-controlled investment holding company with a diverse portfolio of holdings. It owns: 1. 54,2% of Sea Harvest, which is a listed fishing company... read more |
| BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO PLC |
10 - 06 - 2019 British American Tobacco (BTI) describes itself as a "leading consumer goods company" - which is a euphemistic way of saying that they produce and sell an enormous number... read more |
| BROAD-BASED BLACK ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT (BBBEE) |
A policy introduced with the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act (53 of 2003) which came into effect on 21st April 2004. This Act states its objectives as establishing a legislative framework... read more |
| BROADENING FORMATION |
A technical analysis formation which is the opposite of an asymmetrical triangle. The broadening formation occurs when there is uncertainty and high volatility in the market. The formation takes... read more |
| BROKER DEALER ACCOUNT SYSTEM |
Broker Deal Accounting system provided for member firms by the JSE information technology division. The system keeps the securities records and books of account for individual member firms in... read more |
| BROKER'S DECK |
Orders physically held by the floor broker in the trading pit. Today, with the advent of computerised trading the stock exchange's computer system shows the best bids and offers as soon as stockbroking... read more |
| BROKER'S NOTE |
A contract document sent to the buyer or seller of shares by his stockbroker to act as confirmation of the transaction. It shows the name of the client, the share or stock in question, the dealing... read more |
| BROKER-DEALER |
A firm that handles transactions for its customers and also purchases securities for its own account, selling them to customers. |
| BROKERAGE |
The stockbroker's fee for completing a share transaction. Brokerage is usually calculated on a sliding scale depending on the total value of the transaction. Since deregulation of the JSE in... read more |
| BROWNFIELD OPERATIONS |
A mining term which refers to the development and exploitation of known and proven deposits of minerals. This type of mining operation is clearly less risky than "greenfields operations" where... read more |
| BRT |
16 - 03 - 2020 Brimstone (BRT) is a black-controlled investment holding company with a diverse portfolio of holdings. It owns: 1. 54,2% of Sea Harvest, which is a listed fishing company... read more |
| BSR |
14 - 10 - 2019 Basil Read (BSR) was one of South Africa's leading construction companies involved in mining, civil engineering, road construction, housing and other areas. Like other construction... read more |
| BUBBLE |
A period where a particular asset is excessively over-priced. Throughout history there have been various asset bubbles. Perhaps the most famous one was the tulip mania in Holland in the 17th... read more |
| BUC |
06 - 06 - 2020 Buffalo (BUC) mines high-quality bituminous coal and anthracite in Dundee Natal. It has two operating mines - Magdalena and Aviemore which have substantial resources of thermal... read more |
| BUDGET |
Every year, at the end of February, the Minister of Finance presents the budget to parliament. In the budget he puts forward an estimate of how much money will be raised through taxes, customs... read more |
| BUDGET DEFICIT |
The difference between government revenue and expenditure. Typically, governments spend more than they receive from taxes and other types of revenue. This is disclosed in the budget at the end... read more |
| BUFFALO COAL CORPORATION |
06 - 06 - 2020 Buffalo (BUC) mines high-quality bituminous coal and anthracite in Dundee Natal. It has two operating mines - Magdalena and Aviemore which have substantial resources of thermal... read more |
| BUFFETT WARREN |
Warren Buffett is arguably the most successful investor who has ever lived. He began at the age of 6, selling chewing gum door-to-door in Omaha making a 2c profit on each pack that he sold. His... read more |
| BULL |
This term describes an investor who believes that market trends are rising or that a particular share is rising. In the share market the bulls and bears (people who think that the share or market... read more |
| BULL MARKET |
A market where the average of all shares is rising such that each high is higher than the previous high and each low is higher than the previous low. Bull markets generally last for between 3... read more |
| BULL TRAP |
A situation where bullish investors buy into a security too early, before all the bad news has been published and digested by the market. Bear trends typically have an "A-B-C" structure where... read more |
| BULL TREND |
A long period of consistently rising share prices, or index levels. Usually such trends last from 2 to 4 years. During a bull trend you should be 100% invested in the share market, because about... read more |
| BULLETIN |
The bulletin is published by the Reserve Bank every quarter and in avaliable in PDF format free of charge. The bulletin covers a very wide range of information and comment on the progress of... read more |
| BULLION |
Any precious metal (most commonly gold), which has not been processed into jewellery, coins, or used for any other manufacture. It is normally kept in bulk form in bars known as ingots. Most... read more |
| BULLISH COUNTER ATTACK |
A bottom reversal candlestick pattern comprising of two candlesticks: first a red candle, then a green candle opening well below the close of the preceding red candle and closing at near the... read more |
| BULLISH ENGULFING PATTERN |
A bottom candlestick reversal signal, this is a two candlestick pattern consisting of a large green candle enveloping a preceding red candle. This pattern implies that the trend is likely to... read more |
| BULLISH FLAG |
A bullish candlestick signal, formed in the progress of an established uptrend, and used to predict the continuation of the current trend. This formation begins with a long green candle within... read more |
| BUSHVELD IGNEOUS COMPLEX (BIC) |
This is the largest layered igneous intrusion in the world. It was thrust up from the earth's core about 2,1 billion years ago and it is contains a vast wealth of minerals and metals, including... read more |
| BUSINESS CONFIDENCE INDEX |
There are two indexes of business confidence in South Africa - the Rand Merchant Bank (RMB)/Bureau for Economic Research (BER) index and the South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SACCI)... read more |
| BUSINESS CYCLE |
The overall upward-peak-downward-trough pattern that is followed by business activity. There are a number of theories about the causes of these cycles, but no real explanation for this. The share... read more |
| BUSINESS JUDGEMENT RULE |
This rule is contained in section 76 (4) of the Companies Act (71 of 2008). It protects directors of a company from personal liability if the company incurs a loss due to their acts or omissions,... read more |
| BUSINESS LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA (BLSA) |
An organisation represetning an estimated 90% of big business in South Africa which has the objective of defending the constitution and holding the state to account by strengthening key state... read more |
| BUSINESS RESCUE |
This is a state which can be invoked by the directors of a company if the company is in extreme stress and cannot meet its immediate debt obligations. The concept replaced the old idea of “judicial... read more |
| BUSINESS RESCUE PRACTITIONER |
A person appointed in terms of section 138 of the Companies Act (71 of 2008) to conduct the business rescue of a company. Companies can enter business rescue when they are "distressed" but believe... read more |
| BUST |
This describes a stage in the business cycle when economic activity is low. A bust in the economy results in lower inflation, or even deflation, high unemployment, lower income and a lower general... read more |
| BUY AND HOLD |
A strategy of buying a tradable such as a share for the long term rather than buying it with the idea of making a quick profit. |
| BUY LINE |
A horizontal line drawn on a line indicator (such as the OB/OS, Momentum or MACD) below which there is historically a much lower probability of being wrong in buying than elsewhere on the chart.... read more |
| BUY ORDER |
An order placed by an investor to purchase shares in a listed company on an organised exchange. Buy orders can be either "market orders" or "limit orders". A market order is one where the stockbroker... read more |
| BUY-BACK |
The process whereby a company buys its own shares on the JSE in exchange for cash. Share buy-backs are allowed, provided the company can establish and the directors are prepared to certify that... read more |
| BUY-IN |
This is when a stockbroking firm has to buy shares (or other securities) on the market to rectify a failed trade. A failed trade occurs where a trade is not settled on the JSE within the T+3... read more |
| BUYER'S PRICE |
The price at which someone is prepared to buy the shares at a certain time. On the price page of your daily newspaper this is shown at the close of the session reported on, usually under the... read more |
| BUYING OPPORTUNITY |
A buying opportunity occurs where a share's price is perceived to be well below its true value. Of course, the true value of a share is a matter of opinion because it depends on the investor's... read more |
| BUYING PRESSURE |
A high demand for a particular share or class of shares which exceeds the supply and so causes the price to rise. |
| BUYING SIGNAL |
A technical term which refers to a specific event or occurrence which signals to a chartist that it is the correct time to go long (i.e to buy in). The simplest example of a buying signal is... read more |
| BVT |
06 - 06 - 2020 Bidvest (BVT) is a highly diversified South African company with dozens of subsidiaries. Its most notable investments are 66% of Bidvest Namibia which also owns a large property... read more |
| BWN |
21 - 05 - 2020 Balwin Properties (BWN) is a developer of secure sectional title properties in South Africa. The company is now turning its attention to renting out some of the properties... read more |
| BWZ |
04 - 10 - 2019 Brainworks (BWZ) is an exclusively Zimbabwean company with investments in the hotel and leisure industry there. It owns an array of hotels like the Monomotapa hotel and the... read more |
| CAC |
26 - 05 - 2020 Cafca (CAC) is a cable manufacturer that produces over 900 cable and transmission products. Most of its business is conducted in Southern Africa. The company is 70% owned... read more |
| CAC INDEX |
The Cotation Assistee en Continu is an index of the 40 largest shares trading on the Paris stock exchange, now known as the Euronext Paris. It commenced with a base value of 1000 in 1987. It... read more |
| CAC40 |
The trading system used in the 1980's and 1990's by the Paris Bourse in France. This system gave way to the Nouveau Systeme de Cotation (NSC) in 2000, but the the CAC40 index has retained the... read more |
| CAFCA LIMITED |
26 - 05 - 2020 Cafca (CAC) is a cable manufacturer that produces over 900 cable and transmission products. Most of its business is conducted in Southern Africa. The company is 70% owned... read more |
| CALGRO M3 HOLDINGS LIMITED |
21 - 05 - 2020 Calgro (CGR) is a developer of large-scale integrated properties, rental units and memorials. It was established in 1995 and listed on the JSE in November 2007. It acquires... read more |
| CALL OPTION |
The purchased right to buy (call) specified securities at a specified price (strike price) within a specified period (American) or on a specified date (European). By the payment of a premium... read more |
| CALL WARRANT |
This is a securities contract which gives the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of a company's shares on or before a specific date. Call warrants are issued by the company itself... read more |
| CALMAR RATIO |
The average rate of return for the last 36 months divided by the maximum drawdown for the same period. It is usually calculated on a monthly basis. A negative value for the Calmar ratio means... read more |
| CANCEL ORDER |
To abort a pending or working order. Occasionally, a trader may attempt to cancel an order that has already been executed but not yet reported as having been filled. In such a case, when the... read more |
| CANDLE VOLUME |
This is a variation of standard candle stick charts whereby the width of the candle reflects the volume traded on that particular day. The greater the volume, the wider the body of the candle... read more |
| CANDLE VOLUME CHART |
A candlestick chart where the width of the candles is determined by the volume traded during the day. Obviously this leads to an irregular X-axis which can create some problems with the application... read more |
| CANDLESTICK |
An individual display of the high, low, open and close of a specific security over a period of time. A candlestick chart is composed of multiple candles, each of which represent the sentiment... read more |
| CANDLESTICK BODY |
In candlestick charting, the body of the candle is drawn between the opening price and the closing price and is coloured either green (when the close is above the open) or red (where the close... read more |
| CANDLESTICK CHARTING |
A charting method which offers an alternative to the bar chart method of displaying daily weekly or monthly data. This method originated in Japan. The price range between the open and the close... read more |
| CAP ISSUE |
Also called �bonus issues", these do not involve transfer of cash between the company and its members. They occur when a company feels it desirable to convert part of its reserves (profits... read more |
| CAPESIZE SHIP |
A ship which is too large to pass through the Suez or Panama Canals and so has move from one ocean to another by going around Cape Town in South Africa or Cape Horn in South America. Capesize... read more |
| CAPEX |
... read more |
| CAPITAL |
Money which is used to supply "working" capital or to purchase capital goods, which are to be used to generate the income of the company. Capital can also include the reserves of undistributed... read more |
| CAPITAL & REGIONAL PLC |
06 - 07 - 2020 Capital and Regional (CRP) is a UK real estate investment trust (REIT) which owns and manages in-town community centers in England. Obviously, both the UK consumer and property... read more |
| CAPITAL ACCOUNT |
An element of the Balance of Payments (BOP) which shows the movement of capital into and out of a country. For example, it shows overseas investors investing into and disinvesting out of South... read more |
| CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO |
The Reserve Bank's capital requirement for commercial banks set in terms of their risk-weight assets (RWA). The bank's RWA is made up of its Tier I, Tier II and Tier III assets. The minimum requirement... read more |
| CAPITAL ALLOWANCE |
A capital allowance enables a company to deduct a portion of any capital cost which they may have incurred during the tax year for the purchase of plant and machinery or the purchase of land... read more |
| CAPITAL APPRECIATION LIMITED |
06 - 06 - 2020 Caprec (CTA) is a fintech company offering payments and payment infrastructure as well as software and services. Patrice Motsepe's African Rainbow Capital (ARC) owns a stake.... read more |
| CAPITAL BASE |
This is the capital which the private investor has available for investment. This can include the equity in your house, your stock market portfolio and other assets (such as krugerands). To calculate... read more |
| CAPITAL COUNTIES PROPERTIES PLC |
03 - 04 - 2020 Capital Counties Properties (CCO), Capco, is a real estate investment trust (REIT) with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and a secondary listing on the... read more |
| CAPITAL EMPLOYED |
An out-dated term referring to the liabilities side of the balance sheet. |
| CAPITAL FLOWS |
The movement of capital into and out of a country as shown in the capital account of their balance of payments. In any financial period there will be people investing into South Africa from outside... read more |
| CAPITAL GAIN |
When a gain is made when an investment is sold for more than its purchase price, it is called a capital gain. This must not be confused with the definition of Capital Gains Tax (CGT), as certain... read more |
| CAPITAL GAINS DISTRIBUTION |
A distribution to investment company shareholders from net long-term capital gains realised by a regulated investment company on the sale of portfolio securities. |
| CAPITAL GAINS TAX |
A tax levied on the sale of an asset at a profit. For example, if you buy a piece of land and then later sell it for R100 000 more than you paid for it, you will have to pay tax on that gain.... read more |
| CAPITAL INTENSIVE |
A term which describes those businesses which use huge amounts of capital to make a profit. Maybe they have plant, machinery and land tied up in their production process. Obviously, having all... read more |
| CAPITAL LOSS |
Losses resulting from selling at a loss. |
| CAPITAL MARKETS |
A broad term which incorporates any market where capital is raised. Mostly this means either the stock market or the bond market. Capital markets typically have a primary and secondary market.... read more |
| CAPITAL STRUCTURE |
This is the way in which a company has raised the capital needed to establish and expand its business activities or, more specifically, the number of shares and long-term loans in each class... read more |
| CAPITALISATION ISSUE |
Also called �bonus issues", these do not involve transfer of cash between the company and its members. They occur when a company feels it desirable to convert part of its reserves (profits... read more |
| CAPITALISING LOANS/INTEREST |
This is the process when loans or interest payable are converted to capital. This alters the gearing or borrowing ratio of the company by shifting loans into permanent capital. It also improves... read more |
| CAPITALIZE |
This refers to the conversion of an expense from the income statement into an asset on the balance sheet. This is one of the "tricks" which private investors have to watch out for. For... read more |
| CAPITEC BANK HOLDINGS LTD |
06 - 07 - 2020 Capitec Bank (CPI), launched by PSG, has been a major disrupter in the South African banking system. It has steadily taken retail market share from the other banks by offering... read more |
| CAPITULATION |
This is a charting term which refers to the lowest point in a bear trend. It is the point where even the most optimistic of the bulls give up their optimism and sell their shares. It is also... read more |
| CAPPED INDEX |
An index where the influence of components of the index is limited to a specific percentage of the total. For example, the JSE Top 40 index has a 10% "cap" which means that no single share in... read more |
| CARBON CREDIT |
The is a policy established in terms of the Carbon Tax Act (15 of 2019) in terms of which taxpaters whoc are subject to carbon tax may make use of certain allowances to reduce the tax which they... read more |
| CARBON DIOXIDE TAXATION |
A tax introduced by President Cyril Ramaphosa from 1st June 2020 in terms of the Carbon Tax Act (15 of 2019). In terms of this Act, companies will be taxed at the rate of R120 per ton of carbon... read more |
| CARBON FOOTPRINT |
The amount of greenhouse gas (GBG) emissions (particularly carbon) put into the air by a person, company or other organisation. Your carbon footprint includes the burning of fossil fuels for... read more |
| CARBON IN LEACH |
A technique whereby cyanide leaching and granulated activated carbon are used to absorb precious metals. The "loaded" carbon is then separated and the gold extracted. The carbon and cyanide are... read more |
| CARBON NEUTRALITY |
This means achieving a position of zero net emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by off-setting emissions with carbon credits or by carbon removal. Some countries have set a goal to become carbon... read more |
| CARBON OFFSET |
The is a policy established in terms of the Carbon Tax Act (15 of 2019) in terms of which taxpaters whoc are subject to carbon tax may make use of certain allowances to reduce the tax which they... read more |
| CARBON TAX |
A tax introduced by President Cyril Ramaphosa from 1st June 2020 in terms of the Carbon Tax Act (15 of 2019). In terms of this Act, companies will be taxed at the rate of R120 per ton of carbon... read more |
| CARRY TRADE |
The movement of cash from a low interest country or area to a high interest country. Emerging economies typically have considerably higher interest rates than first world countries. This offers... read more |
| CARRYING BROKER |
A member of a futures exchange, usually a clearinghouse member, through which another firm, broker or customer chooses to clear all or some trades. |
| CARRYING CHARGE |
The cost of storing a physical commodity, such as grain or metals, over a period of time. The carrying charge includes insurance, storage and interest on the invested funds as well as other incidental... read more |
| CARTEL |
A group of companies that together have a sufficiently large share of a particular product or industry so that they can force prices up by not competing with each other. An agreement is reached... read more |
| CARTRACK HOLDINGS LIMITED |
18 - 05 - 2020 Cartrack (CTK) is a vehicle recovery, insurance, telematics and fleet management company operating in 24 countries around the world. It has a 92% recovery rate which it claims... read more |
| CASH |
A balance sheet asset which appears among the current assets as "Cash and Bank Balances" . Cash is part of the company's working capital because the company must always have some cash to meet... read more |
| CASH ASSET / SHELL |
A company which has cash or near-cash as its only asset. Besides the income derived from investing this cash, these companies have no income-producing assets and are not conducting normal business... read more |
| CASH COMMODITY |
The actual physical commodity as distinguished from the futures contract based on the physical commodity. Also referred to as Actuals. |
| CASH CONVERSION RATIO |
The ratio of operating cash flow to EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation). This ratio shows how effective a company is at converting its profits into cash.... read more |
| CASH FLOW |
This is the amount of cash coming into a company less the amount going out. Cash flow is important because a profitable company can easily go bankrupt if its profits are tied up in stock or debtors,... read more |
| CASH MARKET |
... read more |
| CASH RATIO |
An accounting ratio used to determine whether a company's current assets excluding its stock (i.e. just its debtors book and cash balance) is sufficient to pay off its current liabilities. The... read more |
| CASH SETTLEMENT |
A method of settling certain futures or options contracts whereby the market participants settle in cash (rather than delivery of the commodity). This is typical of a financial future where there... read more |
| CASH SHELL |
A listed company which has cash as its only asset and conducts no business. Occasionally, a company will sell all of its assets because it can get good prices for them and then ends up with just... read more |
| CASHBUILD LTD |
24 - 04 - 2020 Cashbuild (CSB) is the largest retailer in Southern Africa of building materials and related hardware, concentrating on the home improvements market. In the currently depressed... read more |
| CASTLEVIEW PROPERTY FUND LIMITED |
17 - 06 - 2020 Castleview (CVW) is a real estate investment trust that owns a single property - a shopping mall in Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape. That is "Pier 14" which the company... read more |
| CAT |
27 - 03 - 2020 Caxton (CAT) is a South African printer and publisher. It publishes 13 well-known South African magazines such as Bona and Farmers Weekly. It employs 5500 people. In its results... read more |
| CATAPULT FORMATION |
A formation usually associated with point & figure charting where the chart makes a triple top, breaks above that top and then forms a double top at a higher level - and breaks above that.... read more |
| CAUTIONARY ANNOUNCEMENT |
This is a publicly advertised announcement made by a listed company to urge shareholders to exercise caution when trading in its shares. These announcements appear on SENS (Stock Exchange News... read more |
| CAXTON CTP PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS |
27 - 03 - 2020 Caxton (CAT) is a South African printer and publisher. It publishes 13 well-known South African magazines such as Bona and Farmers Weekly. It employs 5500 people. In its results... read more |
| CBOT |
Chicago Board of Trade. The CBOT is a global commodity futures exchange trading treasury bonds, corn, soybean, wheat, mini-sized Dow, gold, silver and more. The CBOT was founded in 1848 by a... read more |
| CCO |
03 - 04 - 2020 Capital Counties Properties (CCO), Capco, is a real estate investment trust (REIT) with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and a secondary listing on the... read more |
| CENSURE |
The JSE has very strict rules about what listed companies can and cannot do. If these rules are ignored or broken the JSE sometimes issues a public censure. Sometimes, a director of a listed... read more |
| CENTRAL BANK |
A government or quasi-governmental organization that manages a country's monetary policy. For example, the U.S. central bank is the Federal Reserve, and the ECB (European Central Bank) manages... read more |
| CENTRAL ENERGY FUND (CEF) |
This is a state-owned and controlled company established in terms of the Central Energy Fund Act (38 of 1977) which was originally established by the National Party in the 1950's to create secure... read more |
| CENTRAL SECURITIES DEPOSITORY |
The role of a central depository is to maintain records of all purchases and sales of securities on organised exchanges within the country. In South Africa, this function is performed by STRATE... read more |
| CENTRAL SECURITIES DEPOSITORY PARTICIPANT (CSDP) |
A CSDP is a person authorised to perform custodial, administrative or settlement duties. The central securities depository (CSD) in South Africa is known as STRATE (Share TRAnsactions Totoally... read more |
| CEO |
The leader of a company's board of directors. The CEO is in charge of and responsible for everything that happens in the company. However, to the Companies Act, he is just another director and... read more |
| CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT |
A commercial "I.O.U", usually issued by a commercial bank. It is a certificate representing a deposit usually of at least R100 000 which entitles the holder to a rate of annual interest and the... read more |
| CERTIFICATED SECURITY |
A security which is represented by a certificate. This can be the case for equity shares in South Africa, but since dematerialisation in about the year 2000, most shares are uncertificated and... read more |
| CFD |
A derivative contract that is not guaranteed by any organised exchange - which means that the counter-party risk is carried by the person buying or selling the contract. CFD's are a kind of bet... read more |
| CFR |
19 - 05 - 2020 Richemont (CFR) is the world's second-largest supplier of luxury goods controlled by the Rupert family in Stellenbosch. Its sales are entirely located overseas so it is an... read more |
| CGR |
21 - 05 - 2020 Calgro (CGR) is a developer of large-scale integrated properties, rental units and memorials. It was established in 1995 and listed on the JSE in November 2007. It acquires... read more |
| CGT |
A tax levied on the sale of an asset at a profit. For example, if you buy a piece of land and then later sell it for R100 000 more than you paid for it, you will have to pay tax on that gain.... read more |
| CHAIKIN OSCILLATOR |
An oscillator created by subtracting a 10-day EMA from a three-day EMA of the accumulation /distribution line. This technical analysis tool compares the day's closing price to the intraday high... read more |
| CHAIRMAN |
The chairman of the board of directors of a company is usually appointed by the directors. His position is in no way different from the other directors unless he is given a special mandate in... read more |
| CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS |
The chairman of the board of directors of a company is usually appointed by the directors. His position is in no way different from the other directors unless he is given a special mandate in... read more |
| CHAIRMAN'S REPORT |
Most annual financial statements contain a Chairman's report, although this is not a requirement of the Companies Act. It is worth reading the chairman's report, especially for South Africa's... read more |
| CHAMBER OF MINES |
Previously known as the Chamber of Mines, this organisation represents employers in the mining industry in South Africa. Its objective is to support and promote mining in this country. It was... read more |
| CHANNEL |
A technical analysis term which refers to a period during which a data stream oscillates between upper and lower parallel channel lines. You will often find when looking at charts that there... read more |
| CHARISMATIC LEADER |
Many companies listed on the JSE were founded or are run by a charismatic leader. The problem with this is that when that leader leaves the company, the share price can drop significantly and... read more |
| CHARLES DOW |
Charles Dow was one of the founders of Dow Jones & Co. and the originator of the famous Dow Jones indexes. He developed the "Dow Theory" of market movements and is regarded as one of the... read more |
| CHART |
In the context of the share market, this is a display or picture of a security that plots price and/or volume (the number of shares changing hands) over time. These days this mostly takes the... read more |
| CHARTING |
The analysis of group investor behaviour, as reflected in the patterns of share prices and volumes, indices, exchange rates and other data streams. More commonly known as charting, this consists... read more |
| CHEAP |
The meaning of the word "cheap" in the share market is not the same as it is in common parlance. When a share is regarded as cheap, then it is perceived to be trading in the market for less than... read more |
| CHICAGO MERCANTILE EXCHANGE |
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). The CME is the largest futures exchange in the United States and also owns and operates the largest futures Clearing House in the world. CME products fall... read more |
| CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER |
The leader of a company's board of directors. The CEO is in charge of and responsible for everything that happens in the company. However, to the Companies Act, he is just another director and... read more |
| CHINESE WALL |
A communications barrier between members or departments of a financial institution to prevent the transfer of price sensitive information. Chinese walls are imaginary but are taken seriously... read more |
| CHOPPIES ENTERPRISES LIMITED |
26 - 05 - 2020 Choppies (CHP) is a Botswana-based grocery retailer previously with 212 stores which operated in South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Kenya. The company has a primary... read more |
| CHP |
26 - 05 - 2020 Choppies (CHP) is a Botswana-based grocery retailer previously with 212 stores which operated in South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Kenya. The company has a primary... read more |
| CHROMETCO LIMITED |
10 - 12 - 2019 Chrometco (CMO) is a company involved in the exploration and mining of chrome. In its results for the year to 28th February 2019, the company reported, "Although marred by... read more |
| CIG |
06 - 03 - 2020 Consolidated Infrastructure Group (CIL) is an African infrastructure company which listed on the JSE in 2007. The company has four divisions - Power, Rail, Building Materials... read more |
| CIPC |
Established by the Companies Act, this commission is responsible for registering companies in South Africa and maintaining a register of all companies. It has the power to issue "compliance notices... read more |
| CIRCUIT BREAKER |
A system of limiting trading highs and price limits on equities and derivatives markets designed to provide a cooling-off period during large, intraday market declines. Thus when a market falls... read more |
| CISCA |
This Act replaces the Unit Trust Control Act and the Participation Bonds Act and it came into effect in 2003. It regulates any scheme where members of the public invest in a portfolio and share... read more |
| CITY LODGE HOTELS LTD |
17 - 06 - 2020 City Lodge (CLH) runs a group of about 63 hotels in six African countries, with most of its business in South Africa. It is primarily aimed at the business traveller and hence... read more |
| CKS |
30 - 06 - 2020 Crookes Brothers (CKS) is an agricultural and property company which was formed in 1913 and listed on the JSE in 1948. The company produces sugar cane, bananas, macadamia... read more |
| CLAIMS RATIO |
A ratio used by the insurance industry to determine its profitability. The ratio is the total of claims as a percentage of insurance premiums earned. Santam breaks the definition down further:... read more |
| CLASS |
Some listed companies may issue a variety of different shares with different risk profiles to entice investors to support them. For example, there are ordinary and preference shares - two different... read more |
| CLAW BACK CLAUSE |
This is a clause in an agreement which allows one of the parties to retrieve monies already paid under certain specific circumstances. Typically, employee contracts which are incentive-based... read more |
| CLEAR |
The process by which a clearinghouse maintains records of all trades and settles margin flow on a daily mark-to-market basis for its clearing members. |
| CLEARING HOUSE |
An agency or separate corporation of a futures exchange that is responsible for settling trading accounts, collecting and maintaining margin monies, regulating delivery and reporting trade data.... read more |
| CLEARING MEMBER |
A member of an exchange clearinghouse responsible for the financial commitments of its customers. All trades of a non-clearing member must be registered and eventually settled through a clearing... read more |
| CLH |
17 - 06 - 2020 City Lodge (CLH) runs a group of about 63 hotels in six African countries, with most of its business in South Africa. It is primarily aimed at the business traveller and hence... read more |
| CLI |
28 - 02 - 2020 Clientele Life (CLI) is a small insurance company selling short- and long-term policies and underwriting insurance products. Their products are sold through agents and brokers... read more |
| CLICKS GROUP LIMITED |
29 - 04 - 2020 Clicks (CLS) describes itself as a retail-led healthcare group. It incorporates Clicks, Musica, GNC and The Body Shop. Clicks has 704 stores of which 545 include pharmacies... read more |
| CLIENTELE LIMITED |
28 - 02 - 2020 Clientele Life (CLI) is a small insurance company selling short- and long-term policies and underwriting insurance products. Their products are sold through agents and brokers... read more |
| CLOSE |
When the share market stops trading at the end of each trading day. The share price at the close is what is used in all charts and technical analysis and is known as "the close" or "the closing... read more |
| CLOSE |
This is the price at which the last transaction of a particular share took place during the trading session being reported on. The uncrossing prices calculated during the closing auction call... read more |
| CLOSE CORPORATION |
A type of juristic person designed for use by small businesses to give them the benefits of limited liability but without the red tape and bureacracy associated with setting up a private company.... read more |
| CLOSE OF TRADE |
When the share market stops trading at the end of each trading day. The share price at the close is what is used in all charts and technical analysis and is known as "the close" or "the closing... read more |
| CLOSED PERIOD |
The time between the end of a company's financial year and the publication of its audited financial statements. For JSE companies, this period cannot be more than three months and is usually... read more |
| CLOSED TRADES |
Positions that have been either liquidated or offset. |
| CLOSED-END FUNDS |
A mutual fund that does not sell unlimited shares; one with a specific number of outstanding shares. |
| CLOSING DAY OF OFFER |
Last day on which an offer made by a company to its shareholders may be accepted (e.g. in the case of a rights offer or an offer to purchase a shareholder's shares in a take-over bid). |
| CLOSING PRICE |
This is the price at which the last transaction of a particular share took place during the trading session being reported on. The uncrossing prices calculated during the closing auction call... read more |
| CLOSING RANGE |
A range of prices at which futures transactions took place during the close of the market. |
| CLOSING STOCK |
At the end of the accounting period, stock (also called "inventory") must be valued to determine the company's "cost of sales". The usual calculation for cost of sales is: Opening Stock plus... read more |
| CLOVER INDUSTRIES LTD |
23 - 07 - 2019
Clover (CLR) is the leading supplier of dairy products in South Africa. In the past year it has been moving towards branded high-margin products and away from bulk products.... read more |
| CLR |
23 - 07 - 2019
Clover (CLR) is the leading supplier of dairy products in South Africa. In the past year it has been moving towards branded high-margin products and away from bulk products.... read more |
| CLS |
29 - 04 - 2020 Clicks (CLS) describes itself as a retail-led healthcare group. It incorporates Clicks, Musica, GNC and The Body Shop. Clicks has 704 stores of which 545 include pharmacies... read more |
| CM42 |
The form which must be completed and signed by both the purchaser and seller of shares for a transfer of shares to take place. In practice, since shares on the JSE were dematerialised, stockbroking... read more |
| CME |
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). The CME is the largest futures exchange in the United States and also owns and operates the largest futures Clearing House in the world. CME products fall... read more |
| CMH |
24 - 06 - 2020 Combined Motor Holdings (CMH) runs car dealerships in Nissan, Volvo, Toyota, Opel, Subaru, Lexus, Mazda, Isuzu and Ford - selling both new and used vehicles. The motor industry... read more |
| CML |
29 - 05 - 2020 Coronation (CML) is one of South Africa's largest asset managers and the only one listed on the JSE. Founded in 1993, the company grew very well until 2015. At that point... read more |
| CMO |
10 - 12 - 2019 Chrometco (CMO) is a company involved in the exploration and mining of chrome. In its results for the year to 28th February 2019, the company reported, "Although marred by... read more |
| CND |
03 - 04 - 2020 Conduit Capital (CND) is a small financial services company, mainly in the insurance industry. It has two operating divisions - Investments and Insurance & risk. Through... read more |
| COAL |
A sedimentary rock which is formed by layers of plants, mostly trees which have become compressed into seams in the rock. Coal is combustible as a fossil fuel and comes in four grades - Lisnite,... read more |
| CODE |
An abbreviation for securities traded on an organised exchange. Share codes on the JSE are between 3 and 6 letters long - so, for example, the code for Sasol is "sol". Most stockbroking trading... read more |
| CODE FOR RESPONSIBLE INVESTING IN SOUTH AFRICA (CRISA) |
Developed by the Institute of Directors, this code is similar to the "Principles of Responsible Investing" which is backed by the United Nations and was developed from the International Corporate... read more |
| CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE |
This is a lengthy document established in terms of the Braod-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act (53 of 2003) covering such issues as the dismissal of employees, how to determine whether a person... read more |
| COGNITION HOLDINGS LIMITED |
16 - 03 - 2020 Cognition (CGN) is a group of companies which specialise in agency-based payment systems, fax to e-mail services, knowledge creation and management. Cognition describes itself... read more |
| COH |
03 - 07 - 2020 Curro (COH) is a private education group that concentrates on building and running schools for children up to matric. Their tertiary division... read more |
| COINCIDENCE |
In Gann theory, a projected reversal point. |
| COINCIDING INDICATOR |
An economic indicator that moves in the same direction as the business cycle. In other words, it turns when the economy as a whole turns, either up or down. Obviously, the country's gross domestic... read more |
| COLLATERAL |
An asset of some type which is given to a lender as security for the money lent. Any asset of value can act as collateral. With property, the land itself and the imporvements are security of... read more |
| COLLECTIBLE |
An asset which is acquires value independently of its inherent value because collected by a sufficiently large group of collectors. Collectibles can be anything from rare stamps, to coins,... read more |
| COLLECTIVE BARGAINING |
The process whereby employers negotiate with organised labour on issues such as wages, conditions of employment and other benefits. Both parties have a direct interest in settling negotiations... read more |
| COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEMES CONTROL ACT |
This Act replaces the Unit Trust Control Act and the Participation Bonds Act and it came into effect in 2003. It regulates any scheme where members of the public invest in a portfolio and share... read more |
| COLLUSION |
This term is normally used in conjuction with the competition authorities, one of whose functions is to prevent price collusion between companies. Most of these cases are settled with some or... read more |
| COLOCATION |
The JSE offers a colocation facility for those companies that want to using program trading to extract very small profits from arbitrage and other trading strategies. Their facility offers its... read more |
| COM |
06 - 06 - 2020 Comair (COM) was South Africa's only listed airline until it went into business rescue on 5th May 2020. It operated for British Airways in South Africa and also ran the discount... read more |
| COMAIR LTD |
06 - 06 - 2020 Comair (COM) was South Africa's only listed airline until it went into business rescue on 5th May 2020. It operated for British Airways in South Africa and also ran the discount... read more |
| COMBINED FORECAST |
The weighted average of two or more forecasts. |
| COMBINED MOTOR HOLDINGS LIMITED |
24 - 06 - 2020 Combined Motor Holdings (CMH) runs car dealerships in Nissan, Volvo, Toyota, Opel, Subaru, Lexus, Mazda, Isuzu and Ford - selling both new and used vehicles. The motor industry... read more |
| COMEX |
The Comex, which was previously the commodities exchange, is a division of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). It trades futures and options in a variety of precious and base metals. This... read more |
| COMMERCIAL |
An entity involved in the production, processing, or merchandising of a commodity. |
| COMMISSION |
A fee charged by a broker or agent to a customer for executing a transaction. |
| COMMODITY |
Basically these are raw materials such as gold, silver, soya beans, sugar, coffee, steel, etc. Many commodities (such as gold) are traded in markets around the world. The gold price is set in... read more |
| COMMODITY CURRENCY |
This is a currency the strength of which is primarily determined by a or group of commodities. Typically, this can be found in third world countries a large percentage of whose income is derived... read more |
| COMMODITY CYCLE |
Commodity prices tend to move in cycles lasting several years. For example, the aluminium price bottomed at $1100 a ton in late 1993 and peaked at $2000 a ton in early 1995, before declining... read more |
| COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR |
An individual or organisation which operates or solicits funds for a commodity pool. A CPO is generally required to be registered with the CFTC. |
| COMMODITY RESEARCH BUREAU INDEX |
This is the Commodity Research Bureau's spot index of commodities. The index includes 19 commodities and is weighted 39% to energy products, especially oil, 41% to agricultural products, 7% to... read more |
| COMMODITY SHARE |
Shares of companies in the resource sector. Commodity shares are shares of those companies which manufacture, extract or sell commodities of various types. These shares are usually very volatile... read more |
| COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR |
A person who, for compensation or profit, directly or indirectly advises others as to the advisability of buying or selling futures or commodity options. Providing advice includes exercising... read more |
| COMMON STOCK |
A term used in America to describe their equivalent of ordinary shares. |
| COMPAGNIE FINANCIERE RICHEMONT SA |
19 - 05 - 2020 Richemont (CFR) is the world's second-largest supplier of luxury goods controlled by the Rupert family in Stellenbosch. Its sales are entirely located overseas so it is an... read more |
| COMPANIES ACT |
The Companies Act (71 of 2008) contains the law concerning the formation and management of companies in South Africa. It can be viewed at http://www.cipc.co.za/files/2413/9452/7679/CompaniesAct71_2008.pdf.... read more |
| COMPANIES AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMISSION |
Established by the Companies Act, this commission is responsible for registering companies in South Africa and maintaining a register of all companies. It has the power to issue "compliance notices... read more |
| COMPANY |
An organisation which is registered with the Companies and Intellectual Properties Commission and incorporated in terms of the Companies Act (71 of 2008). Companies are juristic persons (as opposed... read more |
| COMPANY BUY-BACK |
The Companies Act (71 of 2008) allows a company to buy back its own shares in the open market, provided it can pass a solvency and liquidity test. To do this the company board of directors must... read more |
| COMPANY SECRETARY |
In terms of section 86 of the Companies Act (71 of 2008), public or state-owned companies must appoint a company secretary who must be a permanent resident of South Africa but can be a juristic... read more |
| COMPANY TAX |
In South Africa, company tax is 28% of a company's taxable income. Taxable income is the total of a company's incomes less all its deductible expenses. It is important to understand that the... read more |
| COMPANY WEBSITE |
These are an immensely valuable source of information for private investors. Almost every listed company maintains a website on which it posts all useful information about the company. Usually... read more |
| COMPARATIVE RELATIVE STRENGTH INDICATOR |
A technical indicator which compares the price movement of a stock with that of its competitors, industry group or the entire market. This technique enables you to determine whether a share is... read more |
| COMPARATIVE RSI |
A technical indicator which compares the price movement of a stock with that of its competitors, industry group or the entire market. This technique enables you to determine whether a share is... read more |
| COMPETITION |
The capitalist economic system is based on competition. Manufacturers produce a product which they perceive to be in demand and they compete with each other on quality, price and service. This... read more |
| COMPETITION ACT |
This Act sets up the Competition Tribunal, Appeal Court and Commission. Together these three organisations prosecute breaches of the Act and require notification from all companies making acquisitions... read more |
| COMPLIANCE OFFICER |
These days, companies, and especially listed companies have a host of rules and regulations that they must comply with - from the Companies Act to the JSE Rules and the King 3 report on corporate... read more |
| COMPOUNDING |
Compounding occurs where the return from an investment is added to the original capital and then itself earns a further return which is further added to the capital and so on. Over time the compounding... read more |
| CONDITIONAL OFFER |
An offer made to the shareholders of a company conditional to the occurrence of some event. Typically, where a take-over bid is being made, the predator will make an offer to shareholders conditional... read more |
| CONDUIT CAPITAL LIMITED |
03 - 04 - 2020 Conduit Capital (CND) is a small financial services company, mainly in the insurance industry. It has two operating divisions - Investments and Insurance & risk. Through... read more |
| CONFIRMATION |
A charting pattern giving credibility to a formation which has taken place. Typically, it is advised to wait for at least three days which consist of data points confirming the trend or... read more |
| CONFIRMATION SIGNAL |
The next candle in a candlestick formation which confirms the previous reversal signal, confirming that a change in the direction of the trend is likely and giving confidence to the dominating... read more |
| CONGESTION AREA OR PATTERN |
A series of trading days in which there is no visible progress in price either upwards or downwards. This is also known as a "sideways" market or a period of "consolidation". |
| CONGLOMERATE |
These are massive, sometimes multi-national, holding companies involved in a wide variety of industries. |
| CONSOLIDATED INFRASTRUCTURE GROUP LTD |
06 - 03 - 2020 Consolidated Infrastructure Group (CIL) is an African infrastructure company which listed on the JSE in 2007. The company has four divisions - Power, Rail, Building Materials... read more |
| CONSOLIDATION |
1. Technically, where a chart moves up and down within a narrow range, bounded by a support and resistance level. This is called a sideways market of a period of consolidation. A period of consolidation... read more |
| CONSUMER GOODS |
Anything which is normally bought by consumers as the end user. This differs from industrial goods, which are bought with the objective of producing some other product or service. |
| CONSUMER PRICE INDEX |
The measure of the degree to which the currency of a country is losing purchasing power over time through inflation. In South Africa, the Reserve Bank has chosen the CPIX as its target measure... read more |
| CONTANGO |
A futures market in which prices in succeeding delivery months are progressively higher. The opposite of "backwardation". |
| CONTINUATION CHART |
A derivatives chart in which the price scale for the data for the end of a given contract and the data for the beginning of the next contract are merged in order to ease the transition of one... read more |
| CONTINUATION SIGNAL |
A pattern in technical analysis which suggests that a chart is diverging slightly from it's trend however will eventually continue in the general direction as seen before. These patterns, recognised... read more |
| CONTRACT FOR DIFFERENCE |
A derivative contract that is not guaranteed by any organised exchange - which means that the counter-party risk is carried by the person buying or selling the contract. CFD's are a kind of bet... read more |
| CONTRACT MONTH |
The month in which delivery is to be made in accordance with the terms of the futures contract. Also referred to as Delivery Month. |
| CONTRARIAN |
An investor who believes that to beat the market you have to be right when the market is on average wrong. Contrarians delight in buying when everyone else is selling and vice versa. They take... read more |
| CONTROL PREMIUM |
The additional cost which an acquiring company must pay in order to obtain control of a subsidiary. This cost is incurred because control is seen as conferring an added benefit. |
| CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDER |
A shareholder who owns more than 50% of a company's voting share capital and can therefore control the company's activities. |
| CONVARIANCE |
... read more |
| CONVERGENCE |
When futures prices and spot prices come together at the futures expiration. Futures contracts expire at the end of each quarter - in other words at the end of March, June, September, and December.... read more |
| CONVERSION ARBITRAGE |
Traders buy and sell two different securities (or synthetic securities), forcing equivalent prices for equivalent securities. |
| CONVERTIBLE PREFERENCE SHARE |
This is a preference share which can be converted into an ordinary share on a specified future date.� This gives a higher degree of security than buying ordinary shares directly because... read more |
| CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES |
These are shares, debentures or other securities which are convertible either voluntarily or compulsorily into ordinary shares at some future specified date. Most commonly, preference shares... read more |
| COPPOCK CURVE |
A long-term price momentum indicator. For example, a 10-month weighted moving average of the sum of the 14-month rate of change and the 11-month rate of change for the Dow Jones Industrial Average... read more |
| CORE BUSINESS |
The primary business of any company. You will often hear of companies selling off their non-core businesses in order to focus on their most profitable core businesses. The board of directors... read more |
| CORNER |
This is when a share, which has been short -sold, falls into the hands of a few investors who are unwilling to sell and who thus cause a bear squeeze. Also where one or a group of investors gain... read more |
| CORONATION FUND MANAGERS LIMITED |
29 - 05 - 2020 Coronation (CML) is one of South Africa's largest asset managers and the only one listed on the JSE. Founded in 1993, the company grew very well until 2015. At that point... read more |
| CORPORATE ACTION |
Any action taken by a company that has a major effect on its shareholders. Corporate actions are divided into those which require the shareholder to do something (like take up a right) and those... read more |
| CORRECTION |
... read more |
| CORRECTION WAVE |
A wave or cycle of waves moving against the current impulse trend's direction. |
| CORRELATION COEFFICIENT |
This is the degree to which two continuous data streams (such as two share price graphs or currencies) are the same - i.e. the degree to which they "correlate". When two random variables X and... read more |
| COST BASIS |
The cost of a given share or group of stock shares. This is used as a bench-mark to establish whether the investment is profitable or not and by what percentage. |
| COST OF SALES |
An accounting measure which endeavours to measure the cost the goods sold during the accounting period. The method is to value the stock at the start of the period (the opening stock) and at... read more |
| COTATION ASSISTEE EN CONTINU (CAC) |
The trading system used in the 1980's and 1990's by the Paris Bourse in France. This system gave way to the Nouveau Systeme de Cotation (NSC) in 2000, but the the CAC40 index has retained the... read more |
| COUNTER PARTY |
One of the participants in a financial transaction. This term is typically used when speaking of foreign exchange (FX) transactions. |
| COUNTER PARTY RISK |
The risk that the other party to a securities transaction will not fulfil their obligations. In other words, if you are buying and the seller will not supply the scrip or if you are selling and... read more |
| COUNTERMOVE |
A price bar showing movement opposite to the direction of the prior time period. Also called a "retracement". |
| COVER |
Purchasing back a contract sold earlier. For example, if a share is sold short, the short seller is exposed until he buys back sufficient shares to "cover" his short sale delivery. |
| COVERED OPTION |
A short call or put option position which is covered by the sale or purchase of the underlying futures contract or physical commodity. |
| COVERED WRITE |
Writing a call option against a long position in the underlying stock. By receiving a premium, the writer intends to realize additional return on the underlying common stock or gain some element... read more |
| COVID-19 |
In January of 2020, the World Health Organisation confirmed a corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019. (COVID-19). By June of 2020, the disease had spread... read more |
| CP2 |
04 - 05 - 2020 Kore (KP2) is a potash mining company which owns 97% of Sinukola Potash which has the Kola and Dougou (DX) mining leases in the Congo. Kola has a resource of 508m tons and... read more |
| CPI |
The measure of the degree to which the currency of a country is losing purchasing power over time through inflation. In South Africa, the Reserve Bank has chosen the CPIX as its target measure... read more |
| CPI-X |
The consumer price index excluding the effect of interest rate changes. This is the number that the Reserve Bank uses in their inflation targeting. They strive to keep this rate between 3% and... read more |
| CPO |
An individual or organisation which operates or solicits funds for a commodity pool. A CPO is generally required to be registered with the CFTC. |
| CRASH |
A sudden fall in stock market prices, sometimes in a single trading day, and which is usually followed by a bear trend. This happens generally because market prices have risen to unrealistically... read more |
| CREDITORS |
This is an item on the balance sheet, which is part of current liabilities. Creditors (more often called accounts payable) are all people and organisations to which the company owes money which... read more |
| CRISA |
Developed by the Institute of Directors, this code is similar to the "Principles of Responsible Investing" which is backed by the United Nations and was developed from the International Corporate... read more |
| CROOKES BROTHERS LIMITED |
30 - 06 - 2020 Crookes Brothers (CKS) is an agricultural and property company which was formed in 1913 and listed on the JSE in 1948. The company produces sugar cane, bananas, macadamia... read more |
| CROSS RATE |
The exchange rate between any two currencies that are considered non-standard in the country where the currency pair is quoted. For example, in the United States, a GBP/JPY (British pound against... read more |
| CROSSED MARKET |
Where a quoted bid price is higher than the offer price for a security. |
| CRP |
06 - 07 - 2020 Capital and Regional (CRP) is a UK real estate investment trust (REIT) which owns and manages in-town community centers in England. Obviously, both the UK consumer and property... read more |
| CRYPTOCURRENCY |
A digital or virtual currency used as a medium of exchange using cryptography for security, transactional accuracy, creation and verification. These currencies are extremely difficult to counterfeit... read more |
| CSB |
24 - 04 - 2020 Cashbuild (CSB) is the largest retailer in Southern Africa of building materials and related hardware, concentrating on the home improvements market. In the currently depressed... read more |
| CSD |
The role of a central depository is to maintain records of all purchases and sales of securities on organised exchanges within the country. In South Africa, this function is performed by STRATE... read more |
| CSG |
01 - 07 - 2019 CSG Holdings (CSG) is an outsource business, supplying staffing solutions, facility management and, recently, security services. In its results for the six months to 30th... read more |
| CSG HOLDINGS LIMITED |
01 - 07 - 2019 CSG Holdings (CSG) is an outsource business, supplying staffing solutions, facility management and, recently, security services. In its results for the six months to 30th... read more |
| CTA |
A person who, for compensation or profit, directly or indirectly advises others as to the advisability of buying or selling futures or commodity options. Providing advice includes exercising... read more |
| CTK |
18 - 05 - 2020 Cartrack (CTK) is a vehicle recovery, insurance, telematics and fleet management company operating in 24 countries around the world. It has a 92% recovery rate which it claims... read more |
| CUM DIV |
Shares are said to be "cum div" in the period between declaration of the dividend and the last day to trade. A sale of shares while they are "cum div" passes on the right to the next dividend... read more |
| CUMULATIVE PREFERENCE SHARE |
A preference share accumulates its dividend in the event of the preferential dividend being passed for one or more years. Preferential dividends are paid out before ordinary dividends, but sometimes,... read more |
| CUP AND HANDLE |
An accumulation pattern observed on bar charts. The pattern lasts from seven to 65 weeks; the cup is in the shape of a "U" and the handle is usually more than one or two weeks in duration. The... read more |
| CURRENCY |
A medium of exchange used as a store of value or in the commercial exchange of value between persons or organisations. Historically, currencies were physical commodities that actually had the... read more |
| CURRENCY BACKING |
A hard asset, usually gold, that is used to back a national currency. Originally when paper money was first used, these were certificates certifying a deposit of gold at what were to become banks.... read more |
| CURRENT ASSET |
An item on a balance sheet which includes any assets which can easily be turned into cash (have high liquidity) and which will only be held for a short time. Most commonly, these are stock, debtors... read more |
| CURRENT LIABILITY |
Any liability that must be paid within a year from the date of the balance sheet. These are mainly amounts owed by the company, which must be repaid within the normal commercial periods (30,... read more |
| CURRENT RATIO |
The ratio of current assets to current liabilities. The objective of this ratio is to determine whether the company can meet its short-term obligations out of its short-term assets (as these... read more |
| CURRO HOLDINGS LTD |
03 - 07 - 2020 Curro (COH) is a private education group that concentrates on building and running schools for children up to matric. Their tertiary division... read more |
| CUSIP |
The number assigned by the Committee of Uniform Security Identification Procedure that appears on all securities documents. Each security is given a number so that it is easily identifiable.... read more |
| CUTOFF FREQUENCY |
A point where higher frequency cycles will not pass through a filter (e.g., a 10-day SMA will eliminate cycles of 20 days or less). |
| CVW |
17 - 06 - 2020 Castleview (CVW) is a real estate investment trust that owns a single property - a shopping mall in Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape. That is "Pier 14" which the company... read more |
| CYCLE |
Shares, industries and markets move in cycles. There are three types of cycles: primary, secondary and daily fluctuations. Primary trends last from 2 to 5 years, secondary trends from 2 to 6... read more |
| CYCLICAL |
A cyclical share is one which is heavily impacted by the business cycle. When the economy is going through a slow growth period (a recession) then consumers tend to put off buying big-ticket... read more |
| CYCLICAL SHARES |
A cyclical share is one which is heavily impacted by the business cycle. When the economy is going through a slow growth period (a recession) then consumers tend to put off buying big-ticket... read more |
| DAILY DEALS |
One of the pieces of information supplied by the JSE for each listed company after each trading day. There are no indicators which utilise this piece of information, but it can be useful to distinguish... read more |
| DAILY FLUCTUATIONS |
Charles Dow in his "Dow Thoery" proposed that share prices, and especially indexes, move in three distinct patterns - bull and bear trends which can last from about 18 months to five years or... read more |
| DAILY RANGE |
The difference between the high and low price during one trading day. This range shows the degree of uncertainty prevailing among the investors interested in a particular share. A large range... read more |
| DARK CLOUD COVER |
A top reversal candlestick formation which consists of a long green candle followed by a red candle. Confirmation to this signal would be the appearance of another red candle with an open that... read more |
| DATA MINING |
The process of using super-computers to sift through the massive quantities of data produced every day by the securities markets to establish potentially profitable correlations. This process... read more |
| DATA PREPROCESSING |
Altering data to some extent to be more accurately analysed; smoothing, reducing unwanted data, removing trend. Processing data is mathematically transforming the data from one form into another... read more |
| DATA SMOOTHING |
Removing the variability and market noise in a chart to reveal the correct underlying trend. This can be done by using a moving average, among other mathematical algorithms. |
| DATA STREAM |
A data stream is any continuous flow of end-of-day financial data. The most common form of this is the end-of-day high, low, open, close and volume for each listed equity share. But there are... read more |
| DATATEC LIMITED |
01-06-2020 Datatec (DTC) is an international IT and telecommunications company operating in more than 50 countries. It operates in the United States, South America, Europe, Africa, the Middle... read more |
| DATE OF DECLARATION |
The date on which a dividend is declared by a company's board of directors once they have seen the results from the interim or final accounting period. This date is usually followed by the last... read more |
| DATE OF PAYMENT |
The date on which a dividend is paid. These days, dividend payments are mostly paid directly into shareholders' stockbroking accounts automatically. There are five dates associated with dividend... read more |
| DAW |
Dawn (DAW) is a manufacturer and retailer of bathroom fittings, sanitary ware and related products in Southern Africa. The company has been battling with the depressed consumer environment in... read more |
| DAX |
This is a simple index of the thirty largest shares trading on the German stock exchange. The DAX is a Paasche index which began on 30-12-1987 at a base value of 1000. The DAX generally follows... read more |
| DAX INDEX |
This is a simple index of the thirty largest shares trading on the German stock exchange. The DAX is a Paasche index which began on 30-12-1987 at a base value of 1000. The DAX generally follows... read more |
| DAY ORDER |
An order that if not executed expires automatically at the end of the last trading session on the day it was entered. |
| DAY'S MOVE |
The extent to which a share moves during the course of the trading day on the Stock Exchange. You will find the day's move quoted as a separate column in the newspapers, both in cents and as... read more |
| DBSA |
This is a state owned enterprise which focuses on supporting projects which will enhance the standard of living and infrastructure of South Africa and the rest of Africa. It is engaged in a wide... read more |
| DCM |
... read more |
| DCP |
26 - 05 - 2020 Dis-Chem Pharmacies (DCP) listed in November 2016 and competes directly with Clicks (CLS) in the pharmaceutical, medicine and beauty products markets. It is a family business... read more |
| DE-LISTING |
The removal of a security from an organised exchange - after which it can no longer be traded. This typically happens in the share market when a company has been taken over by another company... read more |
| DEAD CAT BOUNCE |
A rebound in a market that sees prices recover from a very sharp fall and come back up somewhat. Usually this occurs at the start of a bear market where the extent of the initial fall is beyond... read more |
| DEALER |
An individual or firm acting as a principal or counterparty to a transaction. Principals take one side of a position, hoping to earn a spread (profit) by closing out the position in a subsequent... read more |
| DEALING COSTS |
The costs of trading in shares are brokerage - which varies according to the stockbroker you are dealing through, STRATE settlement costs (0,005% of the value of the transaction) and securities... read more |
| DEBENTURE |
This is a form of long-term loan. A company issues debentures, usually at R1000 each, at a fixed percentage return. Debentures are then redeemable at a certain specified date, but in some cases... read more |
| DEBIT BALANCE |
A stockbroking account with no positions and a negative adjusted total equity. A debit balance typically arises as a result of a trader losing more money in the marketplace than was available... read more |
| DEBT TRAP |
A debt trap is when a borrower is in a cycle of re-borrowing or rolling over their debt. This can occur because of high interest rates or because the borrower cannot keep up with the scheduled... read more |
| DEBT/EQUITY RATIO |
The ratio of shareholders' equity in the company (share capital and reserves) to the company's borrowing. The company has two primary sources of capital: shareholders' equity (consisting of the... read more |
| DEBTOR |
An item on the balance sheet which shows the amount the company is owed, and which is to be paid over the short term. It is common for companies to allow their customers credit of 30 days, or... read more |
| DEBTORS DAYS OUTSTANDING RATIO |
The average number of days that it takes for a company to collect its debts. This can be calculated by dividing the debtors figure and then multiplying by 365 (the number of days in the year).... read more |
| DECLARATION DATE |
The date on which the board of directors declare their dividend. This date is worth noting for the shares which you are following. |
| DEEP-IN-THE-MONEY |
A deep-in-the-money call option has the strike price of the option well below the current price of the underlying instrument. A deep-in-the-money put option has the strike price of the option... read more |
| DEFAULT |
The failure to perform on a futures contract as required by exchange rules, such as a failure to meet a margin call or to make or take delivery. |
| DEFENSIVE SHARES |
Some JSE-listed companies perform well even in a recession and they are known as "defensive shares". Typically they are in sectors which the consumer cannot do without - like medical care. Even... read more |
| DEFERRED DELIVERY MONTH |
The distant delivery months in which futures trading is taking place, as distinguished from the "nearby" futures delivery month which refers to the next futures contract to mature. |
| DEFERRED TAXATION |
When a company computes income tax expense, it bases that computation on taxable income per the Income Statement. The income taxes payable, a current liability account, reflects only the amount... read more |
| DEFLATION |
The opposite of inflation. A period where the purchasing power of money increases in terms of a basket of goods and services. |
| DELAYED QUOTES |
Market quotations which are delayed by the various futures exchange's required time period, usually 10-20 minutes. |
| DELINQUENT DIRECTOR |
This refers to a director of a company that has done something in contradiction of the Companies Act. Directors are expected to act in the "utmost good faith" and to act in the best interests... read more |
| DELIVERY |
The transfer of the cash commodity from the seller of a futures contract to the buyer of a futures contract. Each futures exchange has specific procedures for delivery of a cash commodity. Most... read more |
| DELTA |
The amount by which the price of an option changes for every dollar move in the underlying instrument. |
| DELTA EMD LIMITED |
| DELTA PROPERTY FUND LIMITED |
17 - 06 - 2020 Delta Property (DLT) was a level 2 black empowered real estate investment trust (REIT) with a portfolio valued at R11,3bn and a loan-to-value ratio of 44,3%. Roughly 80% of... read more |
| DEMAND |
An economics term which refers to the extent to which a product or service is needed in the economy. When the product or service is widely needed and especially when there is limited supply,... read more |
| DEMAND INDEX |
An index that shows the buying and selling power of markets and stocks from mathematical calculations of volume and price ratios. |
| DEMATERIALISATION |
The replacement of physical share certificates with an electronic record. In South Africa this record is maintained by STRATE (Share TRAnsactions Totally Electronic). STRATE is the South African... read more |
| DEMATERIALISED SCRIP |
The elimination of certificates or documents of title which represent ownership of securities, so that securities exist only as electronic records. |
| DENEB INVESTMENTS LIMITED |
06 - 06 - 2020 Deneb (DNB) is a 67,8% subsidiary of Hosken Consolidated Investments (HCI), listed on the JSE under specialty financial services. Deneb is an investment holding company with... read more |
| DEPENDENCE |
In modern portfolio theory the central concept is that share prices are impossible to predict because there is no "dependence" between today's price and yesterday's price. In other words share... read more |
| DEPRECIATION |
The process of charging the value of a fixed asset against the company's profits at the same rate at which it is expected to wear out or become obsolete. It would not be reasonable to charge... read more |
| DEPTH OF THE MARKET |
The depth of the market for a particular share is a display of the best three bids and the best three offers for that share which have not yet been fulfilled. Stockbrokers, on their trading platforms,... read more |
| DERIVATIVE |
A financial instrument, traded on or off an exchange, the price of which is directly dependent upon the value of one or more underlying securities, equity indices, debt instruments, commodities,... read more |
| DESIGNATED ADVISOR |
When a company wishes to list on the Alt-X market it must appoint a designated advisor. The main role of a Designated Adviser is to competently, professionally and impartially advise the applicant... read more |
| DETREND |
To remove the general drift, tendency, or bent of a set of statistical data as related to time. |
| DEVELOPMENT BANK OF SOUTH AFRICA |
This is a state owned enterprise which focuses on supporting projects which will enhance the standard of living and infrastructure of South Africa and the rest of Africa. It is engaged in a wide... read more |
| DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL MARKET |
... read more |
| DGH |
07 - 03- 2020 Distell (DGH) is a Remgro (REM) subsidiary which produces a variety of alcoholic beverages which are well-known brands in South Africa and elsewhere. Their brands include Savanna,... read more |
| DIAGONAL SHARE |
A share whose price chart goes from the bottom left-hand corner to the top right-hand corner. There are very few shares which can be described as "diagonals", especially over the long term. If... read more |
| DIFFERENCE-IN-MEANS TEST |
A statistical test that indicates the likelihood of observing the difference if the true difference were zero. A large value of this statistic leads to non-acceptance of the null hypothesis that... read more |
| DIFFERENCING |
Subtracting previous from current values to obtain a stationary (detrended) time series: P stationary = Pt - Pt-1. |
| DIFFUSION EQUATION |
A partial differential equation, used in solving a random walk problem. |
| DIFFUSION INDEX |
... read more |
| DIPULA INCOME FUND LIMITED |
21 - 05 - 2020 Dipula "A" shares (DIA) receive a preferred income of 5% while the "B" share (DIB) receives the balance. So the "A" share is more stable and less risky. Dipula is a real estate... read more |
| DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT INDEX (DMI) |
Developed by J. Welles Wilder, DMI measures market trend. The concept of Directional Movement is based on the assumption that in an upward trend today's highest price is higher than yesterday's... read more |
| DIRECTOR |
All public companies are required to have at least two directors and all private companies at least one. The directors are appointed (and confirmed by their consent on a signed CM27 form lodged... read more |
| DIRECTOR DEALINGS |
The directors of a company are allowed to deal in the shares of their company, but in terms of the JSE rules, they must disclose the details of their transactions on the Stock Exchange News Service... read more |
| DIRECTORS' REPORT |
The Companies Act requires companies to put before the Annual General Meeting (AGM) a directors' report with respect to the state of affairs, the business and profitability of the company. The... read more |
| DIS-CHEM PHARMACIES LTD |
26 - 05 - 2020 Dis-Chem Pharmacies (DCP) listed in November 2016 and competes directly with Clicks (CLS) in the pharmaceutical, medicine and beauty products markets. It is a family business... read more |
| DISCLOSURE |
The concept of disclosure is entrenched in the Companies Act. The Act is concerned to ensure that shareholders are properly informed of all the information that they need to make good investment... read more |
| DISCOUNTING |
The price of a share is the average of all investors' discounted cash flows of the future dividends of the company. If the profits and hence the dividends of a company are expected to fall then... read more |
| DISCOVERY LTD |
17 - 06 - 2020 Discovery (DSY), developed and built by Adrian Gore over the past 25 years, offers the A/B income group of people a matrix of financial services which are inter-linked and... read more |
| DISCRETIONARY STOCKBROKING ACCOUNT |
An account opened with a stockbroker where the client has entered into an arrangement with the stockbroker that authorises the stockbroker to conduct transactions on the client's behalf with... read more |
| DISSENTING SHAREHOLDER |
In terms of the Companies Act, a dissenting shareholder is one who disagrees with a fundamental transaction being contemplated by the majority shareholders. A fundamental transaction is a major... read more |
| DISTELL GROUP HOLDINGS LTD |
07 - 03- 2020 Distell (DGH) is a Remgro (REM) subsidiary which produces a variety of alcoholic beverages which are well-known brands in South Africa and elsewhere. Their brands include Savanna,... read more |
| DISTRIBUTABLE RESERVES |
A concept from the old Companies Act which aimed to preserve the capital of companies. In terms of that Act, dividends could only be paid out of a company's profits and not out of its asset base.... read more |
| DISTRIBUTED LEDGER TECHNOLOGY |
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a computer technique which is used to create a completely reliable and and 'unhackable' database. The most common use is for the "blockchain" directories... read more |
| DISTRIBUTION |
|
| DISTRIBUTION |
That portion of a company's earnings which is paid out to shareholders - also sometimes called a "distribution". Most blue chip companies have a dividend policy in terms of which they pay out... read more |
| DISTRIBUTION & WAREHOUSING NETWORK LTD |
Dawn (DAW) is a manufacturer and retailer of bathroom fittings, sanitary ware and related products in Southern Africa. The company has been battling with the depressed consumer environment in... read more |
| DISTRIBUTION AREA |
A sideways to downward market, usually at the top of a bull trend where shares are being sold off by the "smart money" in anticipation of a downward trend. |
| DIVERGENCE |
When two or more averages or indices fail to show confirming trends. |
| DIVERSIFICATION |
The process whereby a company (or individual) spreads its investments among a number of different enterprises so as to reduce its exposure through one of them. Research conducted in America has... read more |
| DIVIDEND |
That portion of a company's earnings which is paid out to shareholders - also sometimes called a "distribution". Most blue chip companies have a dividend policy in terms of which they pay out... read more |
| DIVIDEND COVER |
The number of times the dividend could be taken out of the earnings. For example, if a company has earnings (profits) of R50 000 and pays out a dividend of R5 000 then the dividend cover is 10... read more |
| DIVIDEND EQUALISATION RESERVE |
A distributable reserve which is specifically set up to ensure that dividends remain stable despite changes in earnings. If a company normally pays a dividend of 10 cents per share, the directors... read more |
| DIVIDEND POLICY |
Most of the larger listed blue chip companies pay two dividends each financial year - an interim and final. They also usually have a dividend policy - which means that they pay out a set percentage... read more |
| DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN |
A program offered by a publicly held company in which dividends are used to buy more shares of the company. This process reduces the number of shares in issue since the shares which are bought... read more |
| DIVIDEND WITHHOLDING TAX |
A 20% tax (as per the 2017 budget speech) on dividends paid by all South African taxpayers, but withheld by the company paying the dividend. DWT obviously reduces the returns which you will get... read more |
| DIVIDEND YIELD |
Dividends per share expressed as a percentage of the current market price. For example, if a company pays a dividend of R10 000 and it has 10 000 ordinary shares in issue (sold to the public)... read more |
| DIVIDENDS PER SHARE |
The ordinary dividend of a company for the most recent financial year divided by the number of shares in issue. The DPS is calculated from the most recent year's dividends paid - so that means... read more |
| DJIA |
Charles Dow was the first person to construct an index. His first index was the "transportation average" which he constructed in 1884 and then maintained as a director of the Dow Jones Company.... read more |
| DLT |
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a computer technique which is used to create a completely reliable and and 'unhackable' database. The most common use is for the "blockchain" directories... read more |
| DLT |
17 - 06 - 2020 Delta Property (DLT) was a level 2 black empowered real estate investment trust (REIT) with a portfolio valued at R11,3bn and a loan-to-value ratio of 44,3%. Roughly 80% of... read more |
| DNB |
06 - 06 - 2020 Deneb (DNB) is a 67,8% subsidiary of Hosken Consolidated Investments (HCI), listed on the JSE under specialty financial services. Deneb is an investment holding company with... read more |
| DOJI |
A candlestick charting term which describes a trading session in which the opening price and closing price for a share are the same (or almost the same). Different varieties of doji lines (such... read more |
| DOJI STAR |
A Doji Star is a trend reversal pattern which is composed of a long black body followed by a doji (a pattern with the same opening and closing price). It may be recognized because it consists... read more |
| DOT COM |
Technology shares, specifically those which deal with internet based products or telecommunications. From 1997 to 1998, these shares did particularly well during the hype and excitement over... read more |
| DOUBLE BOTTOM |
The price action of a security or market average where it has declined twice to the same approximate level, indicating the existence of a support level and a possibility that the downward trend... read more |
| DOUBLE SMOOTHING |
Double smoothing in the context of the share market and technical analysis simply means making a moving average of a moving average. This has the effect of smoothing the trend even further. The... read more |
| DOUBLE TOP FORMATION |
A price pattern seen on a chart at the top of a trend. The pattern occurs when prices rise to a resistance level on significant volume, retreat to a support level, and subsequently return to... read more |
| DOUBLE-SMOOTHED |
A price series that has been smoothed by a mathematical technique such as a moving average. This first series of smoothed price data is then smoothed a second time. |
| DOW CHARLES |
Charles Dow was one of the founders of Dow Jones & Co. and the originator of the famous Dow Jones indexes. He developed the "Dow Theory" of market movements and is regarded as one of the... read more |
| DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE |
Charles Dow was the first person to construct an index. His first index was the "transportation average" which he constructed in 1884 and then maintained as a director of the Dow Jones Company.... read more |
| DOW THEORY |
The Dow Theory was the first technical analysis idea to be invented in Western markets (the Japanese invented candlestick charts much earlier). Charles Dow, working in the later 1800's made an... read more |
| DOWNWARD TREND |
A long downward trend in a share's price, a sector's index, the all-market index or other indicator. Bear trends and bull trends are interrupted by periods of sideways movement. Bear trends are... read more |
| DPS |
The ordinary dividend of a company for the most recent financial year divided by the number of shares in issue. The DPS is calculated from the most recent year's dividends paid - so that means... read more |
| DRAGONFLY DOJI |
A candlestick charting term used to describe a type of doji which signifies indecision. The dragonfly doji has a long lower shadow with no upper shadow, signifying either bullish or bearish sentiment... read more |
| DRAWDOWN |
The reduction in account equity as a result of a trade or series of trades. |
| DRD |
12 - 05 - 2020 DRDGOLD (DRD) is a gold surface treatment operation which is at an all-in sustaining cost of extraction of just over R517219 per kilogram which compares to the average received... read more |
| DRD GOLD LTD |
12 - 05 - 2020 DRDGOLD (DRD) is a gold surface treatment operation which is at an all-in sustaining cost of extraction of just over R517219 per kilogram which compares to the average received... read more |
| DSY |
17 - 06 - 2020 Discovery (DSY), developed and built by Adrian Gore over the past 25 years, offers the A/B income group of people a matrix of financial services which are inter-linked and... read more |
| DTA |
| DTC |
01-06-2020 Datatec (DTC) is an international IT and telecommunications company operating in more than 50 countries. It operates in the United States, South America, Europe, Africa, the Middle... read more |
| DUAL CAPACITY TRADING |
Dual capacity trading was introduced following the deregulation of the JSE in 1995. It means that a stockbroker may act as a principal and as an agent in share dealing activities. In terms of... read more |
| DUMPLING TOP |
A cycle top on a chart which drifts out and down in a gradual loss of momentum. This is as opposed to a "V" top which is very sharp and sudden. Also called an Umbrella Top, a Frying Pan Top,... read more |
| DWT |
A 20% tax (as per the 2017 budget speech) on dividends paid by all South African taxpayers, but withheld by the company paying the dividend. DWT obviously reduces the returns which you will get... read more |
| DY |
Dividends per share expressed as a percentage of the current market price. For example, if a company pays a dividend of R10 000 and it has 10 000 ordinary shares in issue (sold to the public)... read more |
| E-MEDIA HOLDINGS LIMITED |
26 - 05 - 2020 E-Media Holdings (EMH) owns 67,7% of E-Media Investments which in turn runs ETV and E-News as well as other smaller operations. This company is investing heavily into multi-channel... read more |
| EAO |
This is an order handed down by a court in terms of which an amount may be deducted from an employee's income for the repayment of a creditor. Thousands of salary-earners have EAOs against their... read more |
| EARLY ENTRY |
A large price movement in one direction within the first 15 minutes after the open of the daily session. |
| EARNINGS |
The profit of the company after taxation has been deducted. This figure is shown in the income statement and is used for calculating the return on shareholders' funds. The company tax rate in... read more |
| EARNINGS ESTIMATES |
The estimated earnings projected for a company for a fiscal year. Estimating future earnings is an art. It depends on both internal factors within the company such as working capital management,... read more |
| EARNINGS MULTIPLE |
The market price of a share divided by its most recent average annual earnings per share. This gives the reciprocal of the "earnings yield", and is used by some investors to compare shares with... read more |
| EARNINGS PER SHARE |
A company's earnings (profit) divided by the number of ordinary shares usually expressed as a number of cents per share. The earnings per share (EPS) includes all the companies incomes and expenses... read more |
| EARNINGS YIELD |
Earnings per share expressed as a percentage of the current market price of the share. For example, a company with 25 cents earnings per share and a market price of 250 cents would have an earnings... read more |
| EASTERN PLATINUM LIMITED |
08 - 06 - 2020 East Plats (EPS) is a mining exploration and development company engaged in the platinum group metals (PGM) and chrome markets in South Africa. The company is listed on the... read more |
| EBITDA |
Earnings Before Interest, Taxation, Depreciation and Amortisation. This is a figure used by accountants to assess the performance of a company at the operational level. Because it leaves out... read more |
| ECB |
The Central Bank for the European Union. |
| ECONOMIES OF SCALE |
Achieving economies of scale is the objective of every manufacturing business, because it substantially reduces costs and increases profitability. There is a distinct advantage to size in manufacturing,... read more |
| ECONOMY |
The economy of a country is the aggregate of all economic activity within that country. It is measured in various ways to determine whether it is growing or shrinking. The most commonly used... read more |
| ECS |
08 - 06 - 2020 Ecsponent (ECS) is a penny stock, listed in the venture capital fledgling sector of the JSE. The company presents itself as a financial services group with operations in Botswana,... read more |
| ECSPONENT LIMITED |
08 - 06 - 2020 Ecsponent (ECS) is a penny stock, listed in the venture capital fledgling sector of the JSE. The company presents itself as a financial services group with operations in Botswana,... read more |
| EEL |
02 - 12 - 2019 Efora Energy (EEL) is an African oil and gas company incorporated in 1993 and listed on the JSE in October 1994. The company is involved in numerous projects from oil production... read more |
| EFFICIENT MARKET THEORY |
The basis of modern portfolio theory, the efficient market hypothesis, maintains that all information is already discounted by the market and reflected in share prices due to market participants... read more |
| EFG |
25 - 11 - 2019 The Efficient Group (EFG) is an asset management and financial services group managed by well-known economist, Dawie Roodt (who is also a 5,7% shareholder). It is involved... read more |
| EFORA ENERGY LIMITED |
02 - 12 - 2019 Efora Energy (EEL) is an African oil and gas company incorporated in 1993 and listed on the JSE in October 1994. The company is involved in numerous projects from oil production... read more |
| ELASTICITY |
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| ELB GROUP LIMITED |
03- 07 - 2020 The Elb Group Limited (ELR), formally Edward L Bateman, is an engineering and construction company that is involved in materials handling, minerals separation, power solutions... read more |
| ELECTRONIC ORDER |
An order placed electronically (without the use of a broker) either via the Internet or an electronic trading system. |
| ELECTRONIC SETTLEMENT |
Settlement of securities transactions on a T+3 rolling contractual settlement cycle through STRATE, the electronic settlement system. |
| ELECTRONIC TRADING HOURS |
The U.S. after-hours markets during the evenings. Futures contracts trading during ETH do so on electronic trade matching platforms such as Globex or A/C/E. |
| ELECTRONIC TRADING SYSTEMS |
Systems that allow participating exchanges to list their products for trading after the close of the exchange's open outcry trading hours (i.e., Chicago Board of Trade's A/C/E, Chicago Mercantile... read more |
| ELI |
09 - 03 - 2020 Ellies (ELI) is a fledgling electronics company which imports and distributes electrical products and supplies solar power solutions. From its heyday in 2013 when the share... read more |
| ELLIES HOLDINGS LTD |
09 - 03 - 2020 Ellies (ELI) is a fledgling electronics company which imports and distributes electrical products and supplies solar power solutions. From its heyday in 2013 when the share... read more |
| ELLIOT IMPULSE WAVE |
The strong moves in Elliot Wave theory which move in the direction of the larger degree wave. In Elliot Wave theory there ware two types of waves: impulse and corrective. Impulse waves are the... read more |
| ELLIOTT WAVE THEORY |
A pattern-recognition technique published by Ralph Nelson Elliott in 1939, which holds that the stock market follows a rhythm or pattern of five waves up and three waves down to form a complete... read more |
| ELR |
03- 07 - 2020 The Elb Group Limited (ELR), formally Edward L Bateman, is an engineering and construction company that is involved in materials handling, minerals separation, power solutions... read more |
| EMERGING MARKET |
An economy which is in a development phase - as opposed to a first-world economy which is said to be fully developed. Emerging economies generally enjoy more rapid growth than first world economies,... read more |
| EMH |
26 - 05 - 2020 E-Media Holdings (EMH) owns 67,7% of E-Media Investments which in turn runs ETV and E-News as well as other smaller operations. This company is investing heavily into multi-channel... read more |
| EMI |
26 - 06 - 2020 Emira Property (EMI) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which has substantial exposure to the South African economy through its office properties. It owns 81 properties... read more |
| EMIRA PROPERTY FUND |
26 - 06 - 2020 Emira Property (EMI) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which has substantial exposure to the South African economy through its office properties. It owns 81 properties... read more |
| EMOLUMENTS ATTACHMENTS ORDER |
This is an order handed down by a court in terms of which an amount may be deducted from an employee's income for the repayment of a creditor. Thousands of salary-earners have EAOs against their... read more |
| EMPHASIS OF MATTER |
An audit opinion which is specifically meant to draw attention to a particular point in the financials. Listed companies which have an emphasis of matter are marked with the letter "E" by the... read more |
| EMPLOYEE SHARE INCENTIVE SCHEME |
Most listed companies use their shares to motivate their employees through an employee share option scheme. This usually involves the employee getting options to buy a certain quantity of shares... read more |
| EMPLOYMENT EQUITY ACT |
This Act is aimed at redressing the wrongs of the Apartheid era and ensuring that employment is not racially based. It does this by trying to ensure that companies above a certain size (with... read more |
| ENCUMBERED |
The word "encumbered" is applied to assets which are bonded or otherwise used as security to cover a loan. |
| ENDOWMENT |
An endowment insurance policy is a type of savings/investment. A pure endowment offers no risk or term insurance. The problem with these policies is that they generally give a very low return... read more |
| ENGULFING GREEN |
A bottom candlestick reversal signal, this is a two candlestick pattern consisting of a large green candle enveloping a preceding red candle. This pattern implies that the trend is likely to... read more |
| ENGULFING PATTERN |
In candlestick terminology, a multiple candlestick line pattern; a major reversal signal with two opposing-color real bodies making up the pattern (also referred to as a tsutsumi). An engulfing... read more |
| ENTERPRISE OUTSOURCING HOLDINGS LTD |
10 - 06 - 2020 EOH was Africa’s largest information technology company with involvement in almost every aspect of computer applications. The company had 11000 staff members and 2500... read more |
| ENTREPRENEUR |
This is a "go-getter" who establishes and runs a business for his own account and shares in the risks and profits. |
| ENTRY |
The point at which a trader gets into a position in the market. |
| ENVELOPE |
Lines surrounding an index or indicator - that is, trading bands. |
| ENX |
01 - 06 - 2020 The enX Group (ENX) is a "diversified industrial group that provides branded products and services to the petrochemical, fleet management, logistics and industrial sectors.”... read more |
| ENX GROUP LIMITED |
01 - 06 - 2020 The enX Group (ENX) is a "diversified industrial group that provides branded products and services to the petrochemical, fleet management, logistics and industrial sectors.”... read more |
| EOH |
10 - 06 - 2020 EOH was Africa’s largest information technology company with involvement in almost every aspect of computer applications. The company had 11000 staff members and 2500... read more |
| EPE |
26-06-2020 Ethos Capital Partners (EPE) is a private equity fund (PEF), incorporated in Mauritius, which invests into unlisted companies for long-term capital appreciation on behalf of its... read more |
| EPE CAPITAL PARTNERS LIMITED |
26-06-2020 Ethos Capital Partners (EPE) is a private equity fund (PEF), incorporated in Mauritius, which invests into unlisted companies for long-term capital appreciation on behalf of its... read more |
| EPP |
01 - 07 - 2020 EPP is a Dutch-based real estate investment trust (REIT), listed on both the JSE and the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, and is owned 39% by Redefine. It owns 25 retail centers... read more |
| EPP NV REIT |
01 - 07 - 2020 EPP is a Dutch-based real estate investment trust (REIT), listed on both the JSE and the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, and is owned 39% by Redefine. It owns 25 retail centers... read more |
| EPS |
A company's earnings (profit) divided by the number of ordinary shares usually expressed as a number of cents per share. The earnings per share (EPS) includes all the companies incomes and expenses... read more |
| EQU |
11 - 05 - 2020 Equites (EQU) is the only real estate investment trust (REIT) on the JSE which specialises in industrial logistics and distribution properties in South Africa and the UK.... read more |
| EQUILIBRIUM MARKET |
A price region that represents a balance between demand and supply. |
| EQUITES PROPERTY FUND LTD |
11 - 05 - 2020 Equites (EQU) is the only real estate investment trust (REIT) on the JSE which specialises in industrial logistics and distribution properties in South Africa and the UK.... read more |
| EQUITY |
That portion of share capital which carries risk, and shares in profits through dividends that are dependent on profitability. Ordinary shares are often called equity shares, and other types... read more |
| EQUITY ACCOUNTING |
When a company owns more than 20% of another company, then in terms of IAS 28, that company is an associate company and it must be valued at its cost plus any increase in net asset value. Investments... read more |
| EQUITY INVESTOR |
A natural person (rather than a corporate entity) who invests on the stock market either directly or indirectly. Private investors make up only about 10% of the trades done on the JSE. The other... read more |
| EQUITY SHARE |
Also sometimes called "equity" shares, these shares share in the profits and risks of the company. Unlike the fixed dividend paid to preference shareholders, the ordinary dividend is decided... read more |
| EQUIVOLUME CHART |
Created by Richard W. Arms in 1963, a chart in which the vertical axis is the high-low range for each day, while the horizontal axis represents the volume of shares of stock or the number of... read more |
| ERIN ENERGY CORPORATION |
29 - 05 - 2019
This is a bankrupt oil and gas exploration company which was listed in New York and on the JSE in 2014. The company is 56,7% held by Camac Energy Holdings, which is a company... read more |
| ERN |
29 - 05 - 2019
This is a bankrupt oil and gas exploration company which was listed in New York and on the JSE in 2014. The company is 56,7% held by Camac Energy Holdings, which is a company... read more |
| ESOR LTD |
This was one of South Africa's large listed construction and engineering companies involved in sanitation, pipelines, building and housing. Esor (ESR) recently went into business rescue in August... read more |
| ESR |
This was one of South Africa's large listed construction and engineering companies involved in sanitation, pipelines, building and housing. Esor (ESR) recently went into business rescue in August... read more |
| ESTIMATED EPS CHANGE |
Change in estimated mean earnings per share for the current fiscal year from the last month, last three months and last six months to the current month. |
| ETF |
Collections of securities that are bought and sold as a package on an exchange. Essentially, buying an ETF means tracking a group or "basket" of shares, bonds or commodities, and sometimes an... read more |
| ETION LIMITED |
09 - 04 - 2020 Etion (ETO), previously Ansys, is an Alt-X listed technology company that started 31 years ago and listed on the JSE in June 2007. It seeks to capitalise on the digital revolution... read more |
| ETN |
A debt security traded on a stock exchange. An exchange trade note (ETN) is similar to an exchange traded fund (ETF) in that they both track underlying assets and both are traded on a stock exchange... read more |
| ETO |
09 - 04 - 2020 Etion (ETO), previously Ansys, is an Alt-X listed technology company that started 31 years ago and listed on the JSE in June 2007. It seeks to capitalise on the digital revolution... read more |
| EURODOLLAR |
Dollars deposited in foreign banks, with the futures contract reflecting the rates offered between London branches of top US banks and foreign banks. |
| EUROPA METALS LIMITED |
09 - 04 - 2020 Europa (EUZ) is a European metals developer which operates primarily in Spain where it mines lead, zinc and silver. They own 100% of the Toral project in Leon Province which... read more |
| EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK |
The Central Bank for the European Union. |
| EUROPEAN UNION (EU) |
The principal goal of the EU has been to establish a single European currency called the Euro, to officially replace the national currencies of the member EU countries. On January 1, 1999, the... read more |
| EUROSTOXX |
The Eurostoxx 50 index is an index (weighted average) of the 50 largest and most liquid stocks trading in the Eurozone. It is just one of the indexes offered by Stoxx - which is owned by the... read more |
| EUZ |
09 - 04 - 2020 Europa (EUZ) is a European metals developer which operates primarily in Spain where it mines lead, zinc and silver. They own 100% of the Toral project in Leon Province which... read more |
| EVENING STAR |
A candlestick formation which is the bearish counterpart of the morning star pattern; a top reversal, it should be acted on if it arises after an uptrend. The morning star and evening star formations... read more |
| EX-DIV |
A share is "ex div" once the last day to trade has passed. Any sales after the last day to trade are done on the basis that the dividend accrues to the buyer, even if it has not yet been actually... read more |
| EX-DIVIDEND DATE |
The day on which the right to receive a current dividend is not automatically transferred to a buyer. This is usually the Monday after the last day to register for the dividend. On this day the... read more |
| EXCHANGE RATE |
An exchange rate is the rate at which one currency can be traded for another. Thus, for example, the rand trades against the US dollar at rates which fluctuate throughout the day. The same is... read more |
| EXCHANGE TRADED FUND |
Collections of securities that are bought and sold as a package on an exchange. Essentially, buying an ETF means tracking a group or "basket" of shares, bonds or commodities, and sometimes an... read more |
| EXCHANGE TRADED NOTE |
A debt security traded on a stock exchange. An exchange trade note (ETN) is similar to an exchange traded fund (ETF) in that they both track underlying assets and both are traded on a stock exchange... read more |
| EXEMPLAR RETAIL LIMITED |
29 - 05 - 2020 Exemplar (EXP) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which specialises in developing rural shopping centres through its relationship with McCormick Property Development.... read more |
| EXEMPT SUPPLIES |
South Africa has Value Added Tax of 15% which is levied on all products except for what are known as "exempt supplies" - which include education, after-care for children, rentals, and certain... read more |
| EXERCISE |
The process by which the holder of an option makes or receives delivery of shares of the underlying security. |
| EXHAUSTION GAP |
When a share's price has been rising for some time and quickly, it will sometimes have a day where the lowest price is far above the previous day's high price - this shows on the chart as a gap... read more |
| EXIT |
The point at which a trader closes out of a trade. |
| EXP |
29 - 05 - 2020 Exemplar (EXP) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which specialises in developing rural shopping centres through its relationship with McCormick Property Development.... read more |
| EXPANSIONARY POLICY |
A policy of the Reserve Bank's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) to stimulate the economy by reducing interest rates and other expansionary monetary policies such as buying back government bonds... read more |
| EXPENSE RATIO |
This is a ratio used in the insurance industry to establish the direct costs associated with acquiring, servicing and underwriting the premiums earn ed by the company. These costs could include... read more |
| EXPENSIVE |
A term used by analysts and investors to describe a share which is trading above what they perceive to be its real value. Obviously, this is a value judgement and each analyst and investor will... read more |
| EXPIRATION DATE |
Generally the last date on which an option may be exercised. It is not uncommon for an option to expire on a specified date during the month prior to the delivery month for the underlying futures... read more |
| EXPONENTIAL MOVING AVERAGE |
An exponential moving average (EMA) is one in which the latest prices in the moving average are weighted much more heavily than the oldest prices. The weighting varies over the period of the... read more |
| EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING |
A mathematical-statistical method of forecasting that assumes future price action is a weighted average of past periods; a mathematic series in which greater weight is given to more recent price... read more |
| EXPONENTIAL WEIGHTING |
Moving averages are the most basic form of line chart in technical analysis. They are more commonly used in conjunction with other indicators than as indicators in their own right. One of the... read more |
| EXPORT LED |
A term used by economists to explain the fact that economic booms in South Africa are generally caused by a strong recovery in commodity exports and prices. This is because South Africa is primarily... read more |
| EXPOSED |
The degree to which a portfolio or other investment is susceptible to risk from certain factors. For example, a share in a company whose main business is importing would be highly "exposed" to... read more |
| EXPOSURE |
The degree to which a portfolio or other investment is susceptible to risk from certain factors. For example, a share in a company whose main business is importing would be highly "exposed" to... read more |
| EXPROPRIATION OF LAND |
The compulsory taking over of land by the government of a country. In most capitalist countries the right of... read more |
| EXTRACT GROUP LIMITED |
Extract (EXG) has only one operating division and that is MCC Contract and Mining Services which offers services to open cast mines including drilling, blasting, load hauling and rehabilitation.... read more |
| EXTRAORDINARY ITEM |
An Income Statement item which shows an expense or income which is not part of the company's normal business. For example, if a supermarket chain sells a piece of land and makes a profit, then... read more |
| EXX |
26 - 06 - 2020 Exxaro (EXX) is South Africa's BEE coal company with interests in iron and heavy minerals. It has interests in Australia, America and Europe. It is a provider of coal to Eskom's... read more |
| EXXARO RESOURCES LTD |
26 - 06 - 2020 Exxaro (EXX) is South Africa's BEE coal company with interests in iron and heavy minerals. It has interests in Australia, America and Europe. It is a provider of coal to Eskom's... read more |
| EY |
Earnings per share expressed as a percentage of the current market price of the share. For example, a company with 25 cents earnings per share and a market price of 250 cents would have an earnings... read more |
| FACE OF THE ACCOUNTS |
The actual income statement and balance sheet - as opposed to the notes to those accounts. Certain information is always shown on the face of the accounts - like fixed assets or turnover - while... read more |
| FACE VALUE |
The dollar value of a U.S. Treasury Bill at maturity. T-Bills are issued at a discount to face value and gradually increase in value until reaching the full face value on the maturity date. |
| FACTORS OF PRODUCTION |
An economics concept which refers to the four broad categories of scarce resources used in the economy. Those resources are land, labour, capital and entrepreneurial ability. All products and... read more |
| FADE |
Selling a rising price or buying a falling price. A trader fading an up opening would be short, for example. |
| FAILED TRADE |
A securities trade in equities, bonds or other securities where either the seller fails to supply the security of the buyer fails to supply the cash within the required time-frame. The JSE has... read more |
| FAILURE |
... read more |
| FAILURE SWINGS |
The inability of price to reaffirm a new high in an uptrend or a new low in a downtrend. |
| FAIR VALUES |
The theoretical prices generated by an option pricing model (i.e. the Black-Scholes option pricing model). |
| FAIRVEST PROPERTY HOLDINGS LTD |
10 - 06 - 2020 Fairvest (FVT) is a real estate investment trust which specialises in investing in smaller rural and non-urban shopping centers which are focused on lower living standard... read more |
| FAIS |
This Act (37 of 2002) tries to protect the public from financial advisors and those who sell financial/investment products. It substantially increases the accountability and disclosure of financial... read more |
| FALLING THREE METHODS |
A candlestick formation which occurs in an established bear trend and which is used to predict the continuation of that trend. This formation begins with a long red candle within a downtrend.... read more |
| FAMOUS BRANDS LTD |
29 - 05 - 2020 Famous Brands (FBR) is Africa's largest branded fast-food retail franchisor with 27 brands and more than 2900 restaurants. The company owns well-known South African brands... read more |
| FANG |
The four new high-tech companies which are dominating the New York Stock Exchange. They are Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google. All four companies are growing quickly and are deeply invested... read more |
| FAST MARKET |
A declaration that market conditions in the futures pit are so disorderly temporarily to the extent that floor brokers are not held responsible for the execution of orders. |
| FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS |
This is a category of retailers which sell products that have a relatively short sales cycle - like groceries, clothing and small appliances. Typical examples would be Pick 'n Pay, Woolies, Shoprite,... read more |
| FBR |
29 - 05 - 2020 Famous Brands (FBR) is Africa's largest branded fast-food retail franchisor with 27 brands and more than 2900 restaurants. The company owns well-known South African brands... read more |
| FDI |
All investment into South Africa by foreigners. FDI is a very important factor in the South African economy. We have some tremendous successes and some dismal failures. The successes include... read more |
| FDP |
01 - 07 - 2020 Freedom Property Fund (FDP) is a property share that listed on the JSE on 12th June 2014 with a portfolio of R1,5bn worth of properties. Freedom Property Fund (FDP) is a property... read more |
| FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION |
A self-sustaining, independent executive agency established to insure deposits of all US banks entitled to federal deposit insurance, as stated by the Federal Reserve Act. |
| FEDERAL OPEN MARKET COMMITTEE |
The policy making committee of the Federal Reserve Bank. They meet on a regular basis, every other Monday to make decisions on US economic policy. These meetings are open to the public. Specifically... read more |
| FEDERAL RESERVE BANK |
The governing central bank of the US. There are twelve regional federal reserve banks in America, located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, St Louis, Minneapolis,... read more |
| FFA |
09 - 06 - 2020 Fortress (FFA and FFB) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) with properties held in its own name and shareholdings in other REITs. Principally, it owns shares in Nepi... read more |
| FFB |
21 - 04 - 2020 Fortress (FFA and FFB) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) with properties held in its own name and shareholdings in other REITs. Principally, it owns shares in Nepi... read more |
| FGL |
30 - 06 - 2020 Finbond (FGL) is a micro-lending and insurance operation which operates in South Africa and America. This company wants to expand in the US to the point where 70% to 80% of... read more |
| FIA |
The US national trade association for Futures Commission Merchants. The FIA is the only association representative of all organisations that have an interest in the futures market in the US.... read more |
| FIAT CURRENCY |
All currencies were originally commodity currencies - which means that they had the value inherent in the commodity which they were made of. Thus, a gold coin was worth the value of its gold... read more |
| FIBONACCI RATIO |
The ratio between any two successive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, known as phi (f). The ratio of any number to the next higher number is approximately 0.618 (known as the Golden Mean or... read more |
| FIBONACCI SEQUENCE |
The sequence of numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233...), discovered by the Italian mathematician Leonardo de Pisa in the 13th century and the mathematical basis of the Elliott... read more |
| FIFO |
The "first in first out" method of valuing stocks. The assumption is made that the oldest stock is sold first when valuating what remains at the end of the accounting period. |
| FILL |
An executed order; sometimes the term refers to the price at which an order is executed. |
| FILL OR KILL |
(FK) means the full order must be executed immediately or otherwise cancelled. |
| FILL ORDER |
An order that must be filled immediately (or cancelled). |
| FILTER |
A device or program that separates data, signal or information in accordance with specified criteria. So a charting program typically contains a filter of some sort which allows the user to search... read more |
| FILTER POINT |
The time at which a portfolio insurance program makes an adjusting trade. |
| FINAL DIVIDEND |
The dividend paid when the directors know what the final profit for the year will be. Added to the interim dividend, this gives the total dividend for the year. |
| FINANCIAL ADVISORY AND INTERMEDIARY SERVICES ACT |
This Act (37 of 2002) tries to protect the public from financial advisors and those who sell financial/investment products. It substantially increases the accountability and disclosure of financial... read more |
| FINANCIAL DIRECTOR |
One of the directors of a company who is responsible for the company's finances. The Companies Act makes no distinction between the various directors of a company - they all have the same responsibilities... read more |
| FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE |
Obviously, every private investor's goal is to reach a point of financial independence, where they no longer have to "work for a living", but can live off the return from their investments. The... read more |
| FINANCIAL INSTITUTION |
A financial institution is one which makes its profits by dealing with other people's money. Perhaps the best example is a commercial bank, but there are many other types - like insurance companies... read more |
| FINANCIAL MARKETS ACT |
This Act which came into force in the middle of 2014 brings our legislation into line with international norms. Its objective is to tighten up control over the financial markets and it aligns... read more |
| FINANCIAL SECTOR CONDUCT AUTHORITY |
Previously known as the Financial Services Board (FSB). The Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA), newly named with the advent of the Twin Peaks mechanism, introduced on 1st April 2018, is... read more |
| FINANCIAL SECTOR REGULATION ACT 2017 |
Brought into effect on 22 August 2017, the Financial Sector Regulation Act No.9 of 2017 introduces the Twin Peak model, which is a new regulatory environment for the banking and financial... read more |
| FINANCIAL SERVICES BOARD |
Previously known as the Financial Services Board (FSB). The Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA), newly named with the advent of the Twin Peaks mechanism, introduced on 1st April 2018, is... read more |
| FINANCIAL SERVICES CHARTER |
The major sectors of the South African economy are governed by sets of rules known as charters which establish... read more |
| FINANCIAL SERVICES PROVIDER |
The Financial Advisory and Intermediary Act provides for the registration of persons (natural or corporate) to give investment advice to investors. The Act requires that such persons are people... read more |
| FINANCIAL TIMES INDUSTRIAL INDEX |
A share price index calculated hourly during business hours from an unweighted average of thirty leading blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange. Until recently this index was the best... read more |
| Financial Times Stock Exchange |
Financial Times Stock Exchange.� This is a company which specializes in calculating indexes on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). It has produced a group of indices which are developed and... read more |
| FINANCIAL YEAR |
The period of time over which the financial affairs of a company are being accounted for in the financial statements. The matching principle ensures that the incomes for the accounting period... read more |
| FINANCIAL YEAR-END |
In terms of section 27 of the Companies Act (71 of 2008), every company is required to have a financial year-end which is the end of its accounting period. By paying a fee and lodging the prescribed... read more |
| FINBOND PROPERTY FINANCIAL LIMITED |
30 - 06 - 2020 Finbond (FGL) is a micro-lending and insurance operation which operates in South Africa and America. This company wants to expand in the US to the point where 70% to 80% of... read more |
| FIRST NOTICE DAY |
The first day on which notice of intent to deliver a commodity in fulfilment of an expiring futures contract can be given to the clearinghouse by a seller and assigned by the clearinghouse to... read more |
| FIRST WORLD ECONOMY |
These are the larger and better established economies that have substantial capital bases and a long track record of effective management. Their currencies are generally far more stable than... read more |
| FIRST-IN-FIRST-OUT |
This is a method of valuing stock which assumes that the oldest stock in the warehouse is used before the more recently purchased stock. Since the price of stock purchased will usually go up... read more |
| FIRSTRAND LIMITED |
08 - 06 - 2020 FirstRand (FSR) has five divisions - First National Bank (FNB), Rand Merchant Bank (RMH), Wesbank, Ashburton (in the UK) and Aldermore. It operates in 10 African countries,... read more |
| FISCAL CONSOLIDATION |
Concrete policies undertaken by government to stem debt accumulation and reduce the fiscal deficit. This can be achieved by an increase in revenue, or taxation, and a reduction in government... read more |
| FISCAL DRAG |
Bracket creep, also called "fiscal drag" occurs because, with inflation, tax payers are pushed into higher tax brackets each year. In normal circumstances the Minister of Finance will compensate... read more |
| FISCAL POLICY |
Every government spends money and levies taxes to finance its expenditure. Every government must therefore regularly decide how much to spend, what to spend it on and how to finance its expenditure.... read more |
| FISCAL STIMULATION |
The government of a country can stimulate its economy in two primary ways - through monetary policy (mostly by reducing the repo rate) of fiscal policy. Fiscal stimulation means decreasing taxes... read more |
| FISCUS |
This is another term for the national treasury which controls the finances of the country. The national treasury is part of the Ministry of Finance and it is instrumental in producing the budget... read more |
| FITCH |
One of the three internationally recognised rating agencies (along with Standard and Poors and Moodys). Ratings agencies rate governments, companies and para-statals - anyone who issues and sells... read more |
| FIXED ASSET |
An asset which is expected to last and be useful for a number of years, and which is held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others or for administrative... read more |
| FIXED COSTS |
These are costs which a company has to pay whether or not they sell anything. So expenses like rent, telephone, salaries and so on. This is as opposed to "variable costs" which go up and down... read more |
| FIXED INCOME |
These are investments which give a set return, such as preference shares, bonds, debentures and savings accounts. |
| FLAG |
This is a fairly rare charting formation which can occur either in a upward or a downward trend where the market enters a period of uncertainty and moves sideways for a period before the trend... read more |
| FLAG FORMATION |
A charting formation where the price chart forms a pattern which looks something like a triangle. The difference between a pennant and a triangle is the length of time that the formation occurs... read more |
| FLASH FILL |
Order filled immediately by hand signal on an "open outcry" trading floor. |
| FLEDGLING |
Consisting of ordinary shares which comply with all listing requirements, but are too small to be included in the All Share Index and which are not tested for liquidity. There are five JSE indices... read more |
| FLIGHT TO QUALITY |
The movements of capital in the international investment world are dominated by the perceptions of large investors about the level of risk or the lack of it in the world economy. Thus, when the... read more |
| FLOAT |
The number of shares currently available for trading. |
| FLOOR BROKER |
An individual who executes orders on the trading floor of an "open outcry" exchange for any other person. They are independent members of the various futures exchanges who typically handle customer... read more |
| FLOOR TRADER |
An individual who is a member of an exchange and trades for his own account on the floor of the exchange. |
| FLOW OF FUNDS STATEMENT |
Today, this statement is more commonly called a "Flow of Funds Statement" but is also known as the "Cash Flow Statement". It aims to show where the cash in the business came from and how it was... read more |
| FLYERS |
Speculative or high-risk trades. |
| FMCG |
This is a category of retailers which sell products that have a relatively short sales cycle - like groceries, clothing and small appliances. Typical examples would be Pick 'n Pay, Woolies, Shoprite,... read more |
| FORCE MAJEURE |
A completely unpredictable event or "black swan" (see The Black Swan" by Nasssim Talbert) event, usually but not always occurring as a result of some natural phenomenon such as a hurricane, flood... read more |
| FORECAST ORIGIN |
The most recent historical period for which data is used to build a forecasting model. The next time period is the first forecast period. |
| FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT |
All investment into South Africa by foreigners. FDI is a very important factor in the South African economy. We have some tremendous successes and some dismal failures. The successes include... read more |
| FOREIGN EXCHANGE |
The foreign exchange market. This is the cash or "spot" market for foreign currencies. Trade does not occur on centralized contract markets but rather, over-the-counter in an international network... read more |
| FOREIGN INWARD LISTING |
A foreign company, listed on the JSE and classified by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) as foreign for index purposes. These companies can be included in the indices, but at a reduced weight.... read more |
| FOREIGN RESERVES |
A reserve of precious metals and foreign currencies kept by the Reserve Bank. |
| FOREX |
The foreign exchange market. This is the cash or "spot" market for foreign currencies. Trade does not occur on centralized contract markets but rather, over-the-counter in an international network... read more |
| FORMATION |
The discipline of "technical analysis" or "charting", as it is sometimes called, consists of studying chart patterns with a view to establishing patterns that can be used to improve prediction... read more |
| FORMATION ANALYSIS |
The study of technical analysis can be divided into three primary areas - Formation Analysis, Line charts and Wave and Cycle Theories. Formation analysis is the study of the various patterns... read more |
| FORTRESS-A REIT LTD |
09 - 06 - 2020 Fortress (FFA and FFB) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) with properties held in its own name and shareholdings in other REITs. Principally, it owns shares in Nepi... read more |
| FORTRESS-B REIT LTD |
21 - 04 - 2020 Fortress (FFA and FFB) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) with properties held in its own name and shareholdings in other REITs. Principally, it owns shares in Nepi... read more |
| FORWARD (CASH) CONTRACT |
A contract which requires a seller to agree to deliver a specified cash commodity to a buyer sometime in the future. All terms of the contract are customised, in contrast to futures contracts... read more |
| FORWARD BOOK |
An account in the derivatives market that the Reserve Bank maintains to execute transactions in the currency market. There is always a temptation for the Reserve Bank to try to protect the rand... read more |
| FRAMING OR FRAME DEPENDENCE |
Behavioural finance. The tendency to evaluate current decisions within the framework in which they have been presented. Making decisions based on perceptions of risk/return rather than pure risk... read more |
| FREE CASH FLOW |
The cash generated by a company from its sales (revenue) less its operating expenses and any capital expenditure that it may have to make. Free cash flow is used to determine the company's cash... read more |
| FREE DEALING |
A term used to describe listed shares which trade in large volumes regularly and can be bought or sold freely on the Securities Exchange. You should be careful of shares which are "tightly held"... read more |
| FREE FLOAT |
The proportion of a company's shares which are held by the public at large. This excludes shares which are part of a lock-in or which are destined for the company's employee share option scheme.... read more |
| FREE FLOAT MARKET CAPITALISATION |
The free float of a company's shares multiplied by their current market price. Also known as the free float market cap., or the investable market capitalisation. This is used in the construction... read more |
| FREEDOM PROPERTY FUND LIMITED |
01 - 07 - 2020 Freedom Property Fund (FDP) is a property share that listed on the JSE on 12th June 2014 with a portfolio of R1,5bn worth of properties. Freedom Property Fund (FDP) is a property... read more |
| FRONT MONTH |
The first expiration month in a series of expiration months. Futures contracts typically expire at the end of March, June, September and December. |
| FRONT-LOADED |
Commission and fees taken out of investment capital by an asset manager before the balance of the money is put to work. |
| FRONT-RUNNING |
The practice of trading ahead of large orders to take advantage of favourable price movements. Brokers are prohibited from this practice. |
| FRYING PAN BOTTOM |
This is the name that technicians give to the bottom formation of a share price where it drifts out slowly from a strong downward trend and then begins to tentatively move upwards into a new... read more |
| FRYING PAN TOP |
A cycle top on a chart which drifts out and down in a gradual loss of momentum. This is as opposed to a "V" top which is very sharp and sudden. Also called an Umbrella Top, a Frying Pan Top,... read more |
| FSP |
The Financial Advisory and Intermediary Act provides for the registration of persons (natural or corporate) to give investment advice to investors. The Act requires that such persons are people... read more |
| FSR |
08 - 06 - 2020 FirstRand (FSR) has five divisions - First National Bank (FNB), Rand Merchant Bank (RMH), Wesbank, Ashburton (in the UK) and Aldermore. It operates in 10 African countries,... read more |
| FTSE |
Financial Times Stock Exchange.� This is a company which specializes in calculating indexes on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). It has produced a group of indices which are developed and... read more |
| FTSE/JSE INDICES |
Financial Times Stock Exchange.� This is a company which specializes in calculating indexes on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). It has produced a group of indices which are developed and... read more |
| FUND MANAGER |
The JSE is dominated by institutional investors which account for as much as 90% of all trades. These institutions are pension funds, insurance companies and unit trusts. The funds which they... read more |
| FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS |
The study of all factors which will impact the profitability of a company. Typically, the fundamental analyst is asking the question, "How good will this company be as a generator of dividends... read more |
| FUNDAMENTAL RISK |
This is the risk which is inherent in a particular company. It can be assessed by considering the company's financials or visiting it. The more you know about a company and the people who run... read more |
| FUNDAMENTALIST |
A person who uses fundamental analysis, (rather than technical analysis) to select shares and time their transactions in the stock market. Fundamentalists are concerned with establishing the... read more |
| FUNDAMENTALS |
All those factors which will tend to influence the future profits of a company. The most important of these is its past profitability - which is best discovered by a careful examination of the... read more |
| FUNGIBLE INSTRUMENT |
Fungible instruments are securities which can be easily traded because they are homogenous (i.e. all the same). Organised exchanges deal in and guarantee trades in fungible instruments. Instruments... read more |
| FUTURE VOLATILITY |
A prediction of what volatility may be like in the future. The volatility of a share's price is determined by the degree to which it departs from its average. Obviously a straight line is the... read more |
| FUTURES CONTRACT |
A legally binding, standardised agreement to buy or sell a commodity or financial instrument at a future date. Futures contracts are standardised according to the quality, quantity and delivery... read more |
| FUTURES INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION |
The US national trade association for Futures Commission Merchants. The FIA is the only association representative of all organisations that have an interest in the futures market in the US.... read more |
| FVT |
10 - 06 - 2020 Fairvest (FVT) is a real estate investment trust which specialises in investing in smaller rural and non-urban shopping centers which are focused on lower living standard... read more |
| G7 |
This was a group of 7 countries - America, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Japan. It was established in in 1975 and was formed from the "Group of 6" which excluded Canada.... read more |
| GAAP |
Section 19 of the Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act (FAIS) requires that "the financial statements be prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting practice". The auditor... read more |
| GAI |
12 - 12 - 2019 Gaia (GAI) is an infrastructure investment company. It has three divisions - (1) Infrastructure Partners, which invests in large projects in energy, transport, water and sanitation;... read more |
| GAIA INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL LIMITED |
12 - 12 - 2019 Gaia (GAI) is an infrastructure investment company. It has three divisions - (1) Infrastructure Partners, which invests in large projects in energy, transport, water and sanitation;... read more |
| GAM |
Global Asset Management (GAM) is a small asset management and energy company that is extremely thinly traded and is about to be de-listed from the JSE. It is therefore of no interest to private... read more |
| GAMMA |
The degree by which the delta changes with respect to changes in the underlying instrument's price. |
| GANN THEORY |
Various analytical techniques developed by legendary trader W.D. Gann. His first prophecy is believed to have happened during World War I when he predicted the Nov 9, 1918, abdication of the... read more |
| GANN'S SQUARE OF 9 |
A trading tool that relates numbers, such as a stock price, to degrees on a circle. The Square of 9 is basically a spiral of numbers. The initial value can be found in the centre of the spiral.... read more |
| GAP |
A day in which the daily range is completely above or below the previous day's daily range. This term normally refers to a bar chart where the low for one day is considerably above the high for... read more |
| GDP |
The GDP of a country is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. It is also considered the sum of value added at every... read more |
| GEARING |
The relationship of a company's borrowings or debt to ordinary shareholders' funds. A company can obtain the finance it needs to conduct its operations from two sources: by the issuing of its... read more |
| GEMFIELDS GROUP LIMITED |
24 - 04 - 2020 The Gemfields Group (GML) (previously Palinghurst Group) is a mining group that has two major projects: (1) Kagem, the world's largest producer of emeralds (in Zambia) and... read more |
| GEMGROW PROPERTIES LIMITED |
15 - 07 - 2019
On 10th April 2019, Arrowhead announced its intention to merge with Gemgrow. Arrowhead owns 53,3% of Gemgrow. The deal will be structured so that Gemgrow buys all of Arrowhead's... read more |
| GENERAL FUEL LEVY |
A general tax changed per litre of petrol sold. This tax is administered by the National Treasury, and despite most people thinking it is used to maintain the roads, it is a general tax included... read more |
| GENERAL OFFER |
An offer made to all shareholders of a company for the purchase of their shares. The purchase price could be in cash or in shares of a predator company or a combination of both. |
| GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRACTICE |
Section 19 of the Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act (FAIS) requires that "the financial statements be prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting practice". The auditor... read more |
| GENERIC SCORECARD |
In terms of the BBBEE (Braod Based Black Economic Empowerment) Act, companies over a certain size are required to maintain a scorecard in which black ownership, black management, black employment... read more |
| GEPF |
A pension fund for government employees, the GEPF is the single largest investor on the JSE owning about 12,5% of its market capitalisation and with about R1,8 trillion rand invested. The GEPF... read more |
| GERMANY DAX INDEX |
This is a simple index of the thirty largest shares trading on the German stock exchange. The DAX is a Paasche index which began on 30-12-1987 at a base value of 1000. The DAX generally follows... read more |
| GFI |
11 - 06 - 2020 Gold Fields (GFI) is a high-cost international gold mining house with a single mine in South Africa - South Deep. South Deep was bought by Gold Fields in 2006 and it has struggled... read more |
| GIC |
A single lump-sum deposit that earns a guaranteed interest until a known maturity date. GICs are issued by insurance companies. |
| GIVE-UP |
When a broker executes an order for another broker's client and the two brokers split the commission; the client pays nothing extra. |
| GLENCORE PLC |
23 - 06 - 2020 Glencore (GLN) describes itself as, "one of the world’s largest global diversified natural resource companies and a major producer and marketer of more than 90 commodities.... read more |
| GLI |
19 - 03 - 2020 Go Life International (GLI) is a company listed in Mauritius with a secondary listing on the JSE's Alt-X market. Its focus is in "nutraceuticals" which are products associated... read more |
| GLN |
23 - 06 - 2020 Glencore (GLN) describes itself as, "one of the world’s largest global diversified natural resource companies and a major producer and marketer of more than 90 commodities.... read more |
| GLOBAL ASSET MANAGEMENT LIMITED |
Global Asset Management (GAM) is a small asset management and energy company that is extremely thinly traded and is about to be de-listed from the JSE. It is therefore of no interest to private... read more |
| GLOBEX |
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange's electronic trading platform. Some futures contracts are available for trading on Globex only during the U.S. evening hours, while others -- such as the very... read more |
| GML |
24 - 04 - 2020 The Gemfields Group (GML) (previously Palinghurst Group) is a mining group that has two major projects: (1) Kagem, the world's largest producer of emeralds (in Zambia) and... read more |
| GND |
30 - 06 - 2020 Grindrod (GND) is an international freight and financial services company which operates in 28 countries. In mid-June 2018, Grindrod unbundled and separately listed its loss-making... read more |
| GO LIFE INTERNATIONAL LTD |
19 - 03 - 2020 Go Life International (GLI) is a company listed in Mauritius with a secondary listing on the JSE's Alt-X market. Its focus is in "nutraceuticals" which are products associated... read more |
| GOING CONCERN |
A profitable business which is expected to be able to continue in business because it has sufficient cash-flow to meet its commitments. |
| GOING PUBLIC |
A term used to describe the sale of shares of a privately-held company to the public for the first time. |
| GOING SHORT |
Here you can see that since the collapse of the oil price in the second half of 2014, the Sasol share price has been moving sideways between a support line at around R360 per share and strong... read more |
| GOLD |
A precious metal that has been known and kept for thousands of years as a currency and a way to store value. In the past, South Africa has been the largest supplier of gold in the world. In 1970,... read more |
| GOLD 1000Z GC COMEX |
The Comex, which was previously the commodities exchange, is a division of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). It trades futures and options in a variety of precious and base metals. This... read more |
| GOLD FIELDS LTD |
11 - 06 - 2020 Gold Fields (GFI) is a high-cost international gold mining house with a single mine in South Africa - South Deep. South Deep was bought by Gold Fields in 2006 and it has struggled... read more |
| GOLD SHARES |
South Africa has traditionally been a gold-producing country and gold shares used to make a large proportion of the JSE, but today, the gold industry has shrunk substantially and gold shares... read more |
| GOLDEN MEAN |
The ratio of any two consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, known as phi and equal to 0.618; a proportion that is an important phenomenon in music, art, architecture and biology. The... read more |
| GOLDEN RATIO |
The ratio of any two consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, known as phi and equal to 0.618; a proportion that is an important phenomenon in music, art, architecture and biology. The... read more |
| GOLDEN SECTION |
Any length divided so that the ratio of the smaller to the larger part is equivalent to the ratio between the larger part and the whole and is always 0.618. See also the Fibonacci Sequence. |
| GOOD THRU DATE |
Good Thru Date order. This order works until executed or cancelled, or until the end of the trading session on the date specified by the trader. |
| GOOD TILL CANCELLED |
Good Till Cancelled order. This order works until executed or cancelled, unlike a Day order, which, if not filled, expires automatically at the end of the trading session on the day it was entered.... read more |
| GOODWILL |
An intangible asset which arises when a holding company pays more for a subsidiary than its book value. Goodwill is also called a "premium arising on acquisition" and is normally written off... read more |
| GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES PENSION FUND |
A pension fund for government employees, the GEPF is the single largest investor on the JSE owning about 12,5% of its market capitalisation and with about R1,8 trillion rand invested. The GEPF... read more |
| GOVERNMENT GUARANTEED DEBT |
The government is constantly trying to balance the books. This means that they are always looking for additional sources of money to accommodate competing needs. To do this they have a number... read more |
| GPA |
15 - 07 - 2019
On 10th April 2019, Arrowhead announced its intention to merge with Gemgrow. Arrowhead owns 53,3% of Gemgrow. The deal will be structured so that Gemgrow buys all of Arrowhead's... read more |
| GPI |
27 - 03 - 2020 Grand Parade Investments (GPL) is an investment holding company with interests in the gaming industry and the fast food industry. The company is a BEE company which was listed... read more |
| GRAND PARADE INVESTMENTS LTD |
27 - 03 - 2020 Grand Parade Investments (GPL) is an investment holding company with interests in the gaming industry and the fast food industry. The company is a BEE company which was listed... read more |
| GRAND SUPER CYCLE |
First proposed by Russian economist Nicolai Kondratiev in his 1926 book, a very long cycle of around 54 years in commodity prices was identified. This was subsequently re-iterated by R. N. Elliott... read more |
| GRANTOR |
A person who sells an option and assumes the obligation to sell (in the case of a call) or buy (in the case of a put) the underlying futures contract at the exercise price. Also referred to as... read more |
| GRAVESTONE DOJI |
A candlestick pattern with a long upper shadow and where the open and close for the day occur at the low for the day. This candlestick pattern signifies uncertainty in the market and can signify... read more |
| GREEN CHIP |
Environmentally friendly companies which are usually in the JSE's Socially Responsible Index. |
| GREEN ENGULFING PATTERN |
A bottom candlestick reversal signal, this is a two candlestick pattern consisting of a large green candle enveloping a preceding red candle. This pattern implies that the trend is likely to... read more |
| GREEN FIELDS OPERATIONS |
A business activity, usually in the mining industry, which is a completely new start-up. This is a high-risk, potentially high return undertaking compared to a "brownfields" operation where an... read more |
| GREENBAY PROPERTIES LTD |
Greenbay (GRP) is an Alt-X listed share which is one of the Resilient group of REITs (real estate investment trusts) along with Resilient itself, Rockcastle and Fortress. These companies were... read more |
| GRF |
10 - 06 - 2020 Group 5 (GRF) is one of South Africa's iconic construction and engineering groups which has taken enormous strain over the past 10 years because of the fall-off in government... read more |
| GRINDROD LTD |
30 - 06 - 2020 Grindrod (GND) is an international freight and financial services company which operates in 28 countries. In mid-June 2018, Grindrod unbundled and separately listed its loss-making... read more |
| GRINDROD SHIPPING HOLDINGS LIMITED |
09 - 09 - 2019 Grindrod Shipping (GSH) originated in South Africa as far back as 1910. The company is now based in Singapore with offices in Cape Town, Durban, London, Tokyo and Rotterdam.... read more |
| GRIT REAL ESTATE INC |
06 - 07 - 2020 Grit (GTR) is a “pan-African” real estate company - which means that it invests in property on the African continent, but not in South Africa. It has a focus on... read more |
| GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT |
The GDP of a country is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. It is also considered the sum of value added at every... read more |
| GROSS LETTABLE AREA |
The area which a property company has available for rent. Real estate investment trusts (REIT) and property companies typically quote this statistic with the interim and final results. It shows... read more |
| GROSS PROFIT |
A company's profit after its direct or variable costs have been deducted. Typically, the gross profit is the final figure in the company's trading account which begins with sales and subtracts... read more |
| GROUP |
The holding company of a number of subsidiaries. Such companies produce group consolidated accounts once per annum, showing the consolidated position and performance of the holding company and... read more |
| GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
In terms of section 30 of the Companies Act, a company is obliged to produce group consolidated financial statements in such a way that inter-company loans are eliminated, the minority or outsider... read more |
| GROUP FIVE LTD |
10 - 06 - 2020 Group 5 (GRF) is one of South Africa's iconic construction and engineering groups which has taken enormous strain over the past 10 years because of the fall-off in government... read more |
| GROWTH FUND |
A more speculative mutual fund made up primarily of the growth or performance stocks that are expected to appreciate in price more than the broad market over an extended time period. |
| GROWTH SHARES |
A growth share is a share in a listed company which is expected to grow rapidly. This term is normally applied to companies which have recently listed on the JSE, have raised capital and intend... read more |
| GROWTHPOINT PROPERTY LTD |
23 - 06 - 2020 Growthpoint (GRT) is South Africa's largest real estate investment trust (REIT) with a primary listing on the JSE. It has consistently grown its dividends 3% above the inflation... read more |
| GRP |
Greenbay (GRP) is an Alt-X listed share which is one of the Resilient group of REITs (real estate investment trusts) along with Resilient itself, Rockcastle and Fortress. These companies were... read more |
| GRT |
23 - 06 - 2020 Growthpoint (GRT) is South Africa's largest real estate investment trust (REIT) with a primary listing on the JSE. It has consistently grown its dividends 3% above the inflation... read more |
| GSH |
09 - 09 - 2019 Grindrod Shipping (GSH) originated in South Africa as far back as 1910. The company is now based in Singapore with offices in Cape Town, Durban, London, Tokyo and Rotterdam.... read more |
| GTC |
Good Till Cancelled order. This order works until executed or cancelled, unlike a Day order, which, if not filled, expires automatically at the end of the trading session on the day it was entered.... read more |
| GTD |
Good Thru Date order. This order works until executed or cancelled, or until the end of the trading session on the date specified by the trader. |
| GTR |
06 - 07 - 2020 Grit (GTR) is a “pan-African” real estate company - which means that it invests in property on the African continent, but not in South Africa. It has a focus on... read more |
| GUARANTEE FUND |
A fund which is built and sustained by the stock exchange to cover any counter party risks which may exist in securities trading. For example, the risk that a stockbroking firm might go into... read more |
| GUARANTEED INVESTMENT CONTRACTS |
A single lump-sum deposit that earns a guaranteed interest until a known maturity date. GICs are issued by insurance companies. |
| HAMMER FORMATION |
A bullish reversal candlestick pattern implying the start of an upward trend is likely to begin. The hammer consists of a candle which has a lower shadow at least twice the length of the candle's... read more |
| HAMMERSON PLC |
08 - 04 - 2020 Hammerson (HMN) is a massive international property company that has listed on the JSE to take advantage of South African investors who want exposure to off-shore property... read more |
| HANGING MAN |
A top reversal candlestick formation which signals the end of an upward trend, consisting of a candle with a small body and long lower shadow. This formation implies that the bulls are losing... read more |
| HAR |
26 - 06 - 2020 Harmony (HAR) is South Africa's most marginal gold mine. A marginal gold mine is one which has a cost of extraction which is very close to the current gold price. This means... read more |
| HARAMI |
Also called an inside day, the harami is a top or bottom candlestick reversal pattern which comprises of a small candle situated within the body of it's preceding candle. Harami means pregnant... read more |
| HARAMI CROSS |
A top or bottom candlestick reversal pattern, very similar to the harami, comprising of two candles, one situated within the body of the other. The first candle has a large body. The second candle... read more |
| HARD ASSET |
A commodity such as a metal or mineral. Most paper assets reflect some sort of claim to or against a hard asset, either directly or indirectly. The ultimate hard asset is gold, but all hard assets... read more |
| HARD CURRENCIES |
First world currencies, like the US dollar, the British pound, the Japanese yen or the Euro. Currencies from third world or emerging countries tend to carry considerable political risk and thus... read more |
| HARD CURRENCY |
A first-world currency which is relatively stable and serves as a good store of value. The hard currencies of the world include the US dollar, the euro, the British pound, the Japanese yen, the... read more |
| HARKISH POLICY |
The Central Bank of a country is tasked with maintaining price stability while simultaneously ensuring growth. Unfortunately, these two objectives are mutually exclusive because when there is... read more |
| HARMONY GOLD MINING CO LTD |
26 - 06 - 2020 Harmony (HAR) is South Africa's most marginal gold mine. A marginal gold mine is one which has a cost of extraction which is very close to the current gold price. This means... read more |
| HCI |
18- 06 - 2020 Hosken Consolidated Investments (HCI) is a BEE investment holding company owned by the South African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union. It has investments in gaming, hotels,... read more |
| HDC |
26- 06 - 2020 Hudaco (HDC) is an importer and supplier of "automotive, industrial and consumer products" mostly in Southern Africa. Its business has two sides (1) supplying automotive security,... read more |
| HDSA |
The laws of South Africa are based on the constitutional requirement to remedy the imbalances of the past by benefiting historically disadvantaged South Africans. This generally means that the... read more |
| HEAD AND SHOULDERS FORMATION |
A charting formation at the top of a cycle. The price chart forms three peaks the middle one of which is the highest. The "left shoulder" is generally reckoned to be where the "smart" money sells... read more |
| HEADLINE EARNINGS PER SHARE |
The earnings of a company derived from its normal core business divided by the company's average number of shares in issue during the accounting period. This figure excludes exceptional and once-off... read more |
| HEADROOM |
This is the amount of financial space that a company has in terms of surplus available funds. Most companies have cash assets as well as pre-arranged financial facilities which are available... read more |
| HEDGE |
Action taken by an investor or speculator to protect his business or assets against a change in prices. For example, if an investor holds a large number of listed securities in a particular company... read more |
| HEDGE AGAINST INFLATION |
Any tangible or hard asset which can be used to protect the investor against depreciation in the value of paper currencies. Gold and other precious metals are typically the most popular hedges... read more |
| HEDGE FUND |
A mutual fund involving speculative investing in stocks and options. |
| HEPS |
The earnings of a company derived from its normal core business divided by the company's average number of shares in issue during the accounting period. This figure excludes exceptional and once-off... read more |
| HERIOT REIT LIMITED |
26 - 02 - 2020 Heriot (HET) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which owns a diverse portfolio of properties worth R4,75bn in retail, industrial, commercial and specialist property.... read more |
| HERRICK PAYOFF INDEX |
An index requiring two inputs, one of which is a smoothing factor known as the multiplying factor and the other of which is the value of a one-cent move. |
| HEURISTIC METHOD |
Problem solving approached by trying out several different methods and comparing which provides the best solution. |
| HIGH |
... read more |
| HIGH-TICKING |
To pay the offered price. |
| HIGHLY ILLIQUID |
Illiquid shares are those which trade less than R200 000 worth of shares every day on average. Such shares can be traded by private investors, but the big institutions (like pension funds, unit... read more |
| HIGHLY LIQUID |
A term to describe a share which has a large number of shares changing hands each trading day. A good example is Sasol which has an average of 1,3 million shares at roughly R500 each trading... read more |
| HIGHLY RATED |
This term describes the share of a company with a reputation for consistently growing its earnings. The rating of a company is dependent on the consistency with which it can grow headline earnings... read more |
| HIL |
06 - 07 - 2020 Homechoice (HIL) is South Africa's largest home shopping retailer operating through two divisions - retail and financial services. It offers a broad range of home appliances,... read more |
| HISTORIC VOLATILITY |
How much a contract price has fluctuated over a period of time in the past; usually calculated by taking a standard deviation of price changes over a time period. |
| HISTORICAL DATA |
A series of past daily, weekly or monthly market prices (open, high, low, close, volume, open interest). |
| HISTORICALLY DISADVANTAGED SOUTH AFRICAN |
The laws of South Africa are based on the constitutional requirement to remedy the imbalances of the past by benefiting historically disadvantaged South Africans. This generally means that the... read more |
| HLM |
30 - 06- 2020 Hulamin (HLM) is a producer and supplier of aluminum products in South Africa and trades in more than 50 countries internationally. It supplies foil, heat-treated plate as... read more |
| HMN |
08 - 04 - 2020 Hammerson (HMN) is a massive international property company that has listed on the JSE to take advantage of South African investors who want exposure to off-shore property... read more |
| HOLDER |
The purchaser of either a call or put option. Option buyers receive the right, but not the obligation, to assume a futures position. The opposite of a Grantor. Also referred to as the Option... read more |
| HOLDING COMPANY |
Any company which owns more than 50% of the voting capital of another company, or can be said to have effective control over the appointment of its directors. |
| HOMECHOICE INT PLC |
06 - 07 - 2020 Homechoice (HIL) is South Africa's largest home shopping retailer operating through two divisions - retail and financial services. It offers a broad range of home appliances,... read more |
| HOMOGENOUS SECURITY |
Homogeneity means "sameness". In the investment world it refers to the fact that every ordinary share of Sasol or any listed company is exactly the same as every other ordinary share - which... read more |
| HOOK DAY |
A trading day in which the open is above/below the previous day's high/low and the close is below/above the previous day's close with narrow range. |
| HORIZONTAL COUNT |
A part of Point & Figure charting (P&F) used to calculate share's (or other indicator) upside target after an extended sideways market and a upside breakout. Essentially, the longer that... read more |
| HOSKEN CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENTS LIMITED |
18- 06 - 2020 Hosken Consolidated Investments (HCI) is a BEE investment holding company owned by the South African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union. It has investments in gaming, hotels,... read more |
| HOSPITALITY PROPERTY FUND LIMITED |
04 - 06 - 2020 The Hospitality Property Group (HPB) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which specialises in owning hotels and leisure activities. Tsogo injected all its hotels into... read more |
| HPB |
04 - 06 - 2020 The Hospitality Property Group (HPB) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which specialises in owning hotels and leisure activities. Tsogo injected all its hotels into... read more |
| HUDACO INDUSTRIES LIMITED |
26- 06 - 2020 Hudaco (HDC) is an importer and supplier of "automotive, industrial and consumer products" mostly in Southern Africa. Its business has two sides (1) supplying automotive security,... read more |
| HUG |
06 - 06 - 2020 Huge (HUG) is a telecommunications, media and software company. It has operations in South Africa, Mozambique, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe.... read more |
| HUGE GROUP LIMITED |
06 - 06 - 2020 Huge (HUG) is a telecommunications, media and software company. It has operations in South Africa, Mozambique, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe.... read more |
| HUL |
06 - 06 - 20220 Hulisani (HUL) is an energy start-up that intends investing in coal, gas, solar power, wind and hydro. The company was incorporated in 2015 and listed in April 2016. The... read more |
| HULAMIN LIMITED |
30 - 06- 2020 Hulamin (HLM) is a producer and supplier of aluminum products in South Africa and trades in more than 50 countries internationally. It supplies foil, heat-treated plate as... read more |
| HULISANI LIMITED |
06 - 06 - 20220 Hulisani (HUL) is an energy start-up that intends investing in coal, gas, solar power, wind and hydro. The company was incorporated in 2015 and listed in April 2016. The... read more |
| HURDLE RATE |
This is the required return on investment for an international investor who is considering investing into this country (or another country). The hurdle rate increases as the perceived political... read more |
| HWA |
11 - 05 - 2020 Hwange (HWA) is a coal mining and processing company with a mine in the North West province of Zimbabwe and is 37% owned by the Zimbabwean government. This company has a primary... read more |
| HWANGE COLLIERY COMPANY LIMITED |
11 - 05 - 2020 Hwange (HWA) is a coal mining and processing company with a mine in the North West province of Zimbabwe and is 37% owned by the Zimbabwean government. This company has a primary... read more |
| HYP |
08 - 04 - 2020 11-06-2020 Hyprop (HYP) is a leading property real estate investment trust (REIT) that specialises in high-quality shopping malls in South Africa and some interests in... read more |
| HYPERINFLATION |
Rapid and excessive inflation within an economy. Where normal inflation is measured over... read more |
| HYPROP INVESTMENTS LTD |
08 - 04 - 2020 11-06-2020 Hyprop (HYP) is a leading property real estate investment trust (REIT) that specialises in high-quality shopping malls in South Africa and some interests in... read more |
| IDQ |
16 - 04 - 2020 Indequity (IDQ) is a short-term insurance company which writes personal line business insurance on behalf of larger insurance companies. The company targets the professional... read more |
| IDZ |
These are special business zones which enjoy tax and other benefits to encourage rapid industrialisation. They are often located in areas where business is depressed in order to encourage growth... read more |
| ILE |
12 - 12 - 2019 Imbalie (ILE) is a beauty franchisor which operates through 150 salons and retailers. It sells its own health and beauty brands. It has 3 types of franchises - Placecol, Dream... read more |
| ILLEGAL MINERS |
These are informal miners who attempt to extract ore from a disused mine - usually at great risk to themselves. Known as "Zama-zama" (which means "people who try"), these miners have inadequate... read more |
| ILLEGAL STRIKE |
A labour strike which takes place outside the ambit of the Labour Relations Act. Such wildcat strikes entitle the employer to fire those who are involved. In South Africa, however, such strikes... read more |
| ILLIQUID |
Illiquid shares are those which trade less than R200 000 worth of shares every day on average. Such shares can be traded by private investors, but the big institutions (like pension funds, unit... read more |
| ILU |
11 - 06 - 2020 Indluplace (ILU) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which specialises in residential property and which is 66,24% owned by Arrowhead Properties. It owns residential... read more |
| IMBALIE BEAUTY LIMITED |
12 - 12 - 2019 Imbalie (ILE) is a beauty franchisor which operates through 150 salons and retailers. It sells its own health and beauty brands. It has 3 types of franchises - Placecol, Dream... read more |
| IMF |
An organisation with over 185 member countries that aims to maintain international currency stability and maximise economic growth. The IMF regularly reports on world growth and economic developments.... read more |
| IMP |
19 - 05 - 2020 Impala Platinum Holdings (IMP), or Implats, is the world's third largest platinum group metals (PGM) producer. It has been suffering over the past 7 years from aggressive... read more |
| IMPAIRED ASSETS |
Assets whose book value has been reduced by the board in order to reflect their true market value more accurately. Impairments result in a reduction in the profit of the company in the period... read more |
| IMPALA PLATINUM HOLDINGS LTD |
19 - 05 - 2020 Impala Platinum Holdings (IMP), or Implats, is the world's third largest platinum group metals (PGM) producer. It has been suffering over the past 7 years from aggressive... read more |
| IMPERIAL HOLDINGS LTD |
06 - 06 - 2020 Imperial (IPL) was a massive logistics and motor business. It operated in 32 European and African countries and employed 27 000 people. The company split off and separately... read more |
| IMPLIED ALPHA |
The excess return expected from a stock to justify its current weighting in the portfolio. |
| IMPLIED VOLATILITY |
The volatility computed using the actual market prices of an option contract and one of a number of pricing models. For example, if the market price of an option rises without a change in the... read more |
| IMPORT COVER RATIO |
A ratio which assesses the level of the country's reserves in terms of how many months worth of imports they could cover. A healthy import cover ratio would be around 15 to 20 and South Africa... read more |
| IMPULSE WAVE |
A wave or cycle of waves that carries the current trend further in the same direction. |
| IMUNITI HOLDINGS LTD |
02 - 01 - 2020 Imuniti Holdings (NUT), or Nutrition, is a manufacturer and marketer of dried foods and water purification which it supplies to the lower LSM and mass feeding markets. It... read more |
| IN PLAY |
A stock that is the focus of a public bidding contest, as in a takeover or bear raid. |
| IN-THE-MONEY |
An investment term used to describe a situation in which a particular security can be sold for a profit. This is calculated by taking into consideration the purchase price of the security, the... read more |
| IN-THE-MONEY OPTION |
An option that has intrinsic value. A call option is in-the-money if its strike price is below the current price of the underlying futures contract. A put option is in-the-money if its strike... read more |
| INCLUSION RATE |
In Capital Gains Tax (CGT), the percentage of a capital gain which is included in taxable income. For companies and trusts this is 66% while for individuals it is 40%. Thus, if you are in the... read more |
| INCOME |
In accounting terms, this refers to all revenues received by a company, both as a result of its sales and other sources such as interest, dividends or rent. This figure is often called "turnover"... read more |
| INCOME DIVIDENDS |
Payments to mutual fund shareholders consisting of dividends, interest and short-term capital gains earned on the fund's portfolio securities after deduction of operating expenses. |
| INCOME STATEMENT |
A requirement of the Companies Act and Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (GAAP), the income statement must disclose the turnover of the company during the accounting period and certain,... read more |
| INCOME TAX ACT |
The Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 has had numerous amendments. Its basic purpose is to consolidate the law relating to the taxation of incomes and donations, to provide for the recovery of taxes... read more |
| INCORPORATOR |
Under the old Companies Act, the people who started a company were known as the subscribers, because they "subscribed" to the memorandum and articles of association. The new Companies Act which... read more |
| INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONAL |
A type of accountant who is not necessarily a chartered accountant, but who is sufficiently qualified to undertake an independent review on behalf of a smaller company. In order to reduce costs... read more |
| INDEPENDENT REVIEW |
An independent review is a lower level check of a company's financial statements which can be conducted by an independent accounting professional. This type of check is open only to smaller companies... read more |
| INDEQUITY GROUP LIMITED |
16 - 04 - 2020 Indequity (IDQ) is a short-term insurance company which writes personal line business insurance on behalf of larger insurance companies. The company targets the professional... read more |
| INDEX |
A weighted or unweighted average of the prices or market cap of a group of shares. There are many types of indices for sectors, sub-sectors and entire markets. There are also a number of ways... read more |
| INDEX FUND |
An index fund is a unit trust (collective investment scheme) which tracks a specific index - usually on the JSE.... read more |
| INDEX POINTS |
A measurement term for market indices. An index is an aggregate of the listed companies on an exchange, for example, the JSE Top 40 is an average of the top 40 companies trading on the JSE by... read more |
| INDICE |
A weighted or unweighted average of the prices or market cap of a group of shares. There are many types of indices for sectors, sub-sectors and entire markets. There are also a number of ways... read more |
| INDLUPLACE PROPERTIES LIMITED |
11 - 06 - 2020 Indluplace (ILU) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which specialises in residential property and which is 66,24% owned by Arrowhead Properties. It owns residential... read more |
| INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE |
These are special business zones which enjoy tax and other benefits to encourage rapid industrialisation. They are often located in areas where business is depressed in order to encourage growth... read more |
| INDUSTRIAL SHARE |
... read more |
| INDUSTRY |
A grouping of all shares in the same industry, usually represented by a sector index. If you look at the price page of your newspaper, you will see that the share market is divided into sectors.... read more |
| INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION |
A grouping of all shares in the same industry, usually represented by a sector index. If you look at the price page of your newspaper, you will see that the share market is divided into sectors.... read more |
| INEFFICIENT MARKETS |
Behavioural finance. Driven by frame dependence and heuristic bias, when market prices stray from fundamental values. In simple terms, new and important information which affects the profitability... read more |
| INFLATION |
Inflation is the degree to which a country's currency loses purchasing power over one year - expressed as a percentage. This is usually measured by the consumer price index (CPI), but it can... read more |
| INFLATION TARGETING |
The Reserve Bank, through its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) strives to keep the inflation rate between 3% and 6%. They target the CPI-X which is the CPI without the effect of interest rates.... read more |
| ING |
Ingenuity (ING) is a property development company which focuses on properties in the Western Cape. The company was listed on the JSE in 2007 with the objective of developing properties in the... read more |
| INGENUITY PROPERTY INVESTMENT LIMITED |
Ingenuity (ING) is a property development company which focuses on properties in the Western Cape. The company was listed on the JSE in 2007 with the objective of developing properties in the... read more |
| INITIAL MARGIN |
The amount a futures market participant must deposit into a margin account at the time an order is placed to buy or sell a futures contract. |
| INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING |
Usually coinciding with a listing, this is the first offer of shares to the investing public by a company. |
| INL |
26 - 05 - 2020 Investec (INL) does specialist banking and asset management in South Africa, Australia, Europe, the UK and a few other countries. The surprise Brexit vote in the UK has put... read more |
| INSIDE DAY |
Also called an inside day, the harami is a top or bottom candlestick reversal pattern which comprises of a small candle situated within the body of it's preceding candle. Harami means pregnant... read more |
| INSIDER TRADING |
The illegal dealing in shares by people who, because of their privileged position, have information that materially impacts on the value of the shares, before that information has been made public.... read more |
| INSIDERS |
The illegal dealing in shares by people who, because of their privileged position, have information that materially impacts on the value of the shares, before that information has been made public.... read more |
| INSIMBI INDUSTRIAL HOLDINGS LIMITED |
15 - 04 - 2020 Insimbi (ISB) is a group which manufactures and supplies specialist products to the industrial sector. They source, buy, package and process ferrous and non-ferrous alloys,... read more |
| INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR |
A collective investment scheme (as opposed to an individual), that invests funds arising from deposits, premiums, contributions etc.. Examples are insurance companies, unit trusts and pension... read more |
| INSTITUTIONAL SHARE |
A share which is followed by the big institutions and held by them in their portfolios. A listed share which is patronised by the large institutional investors on the JSE. In South Africa there... read more |
| INSTRUMENT |
A very generalised term for any sort of security or debt claim. Thus instruments can include shares, debentures, bonds, derivative contracts and so on. |
| INSURANCE ACT (18 0F 2017) |
This is a new act which came into effect on the 1st of July 2018 and which seeks "To provide for a legal framework for the prudential regulation and supervision of insurance business in the Republic... read more |
| INTANGIBLE ASSETS |
Any asset which is not concrete. For example, goodwill or patents, which belong to the company, are not represented by any physical object, but refer to the company's rights to something or the... read more |
| INTEGRATED REPORT |
The King 3 report on corporate governance requires that companies produce an integrated report which includes a "sustainability report". Listed companies are required by the JSE Rules to adhere... read more |
| INTERBANK RATES |
The foreign exchange rates at which large international banks quote other large international banks. Because of the size of such transactions and creditworthiness of the counterparties, such... read more |
| INTEREST |
Interest is the price of money. When one peson or company lends money to another then interest is charged at a percentage of the capital lent over a period of time. Interest rates are typically... read more |
| INTEREST RATE |
The price of money. Money behaves in much the same way as a commodity, in the sense that when it is in short supply, it becomes more expensive and vice versa. The interest rate is the cost of... read more |
| INTEREST RATE SWAPS |
An arrangement that requires both sides of the transaction to make payments to each other based on two different interest rates. The most commonly traded requires one side to pay a fixed rate... read more |
| INTERIM DIVIDEND |
... read more |
| INTERIM FINANCIAL RESULTS |
In terms of the Companies Act, all public companies are required to produce interim financial statements covering the first six months of their financial year. These "interims" are published... read more |
| INTERMARKET ANALYSIS |
Observing the price movement of one market for the purpose of evaluating a different market. |
| INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN |
The rate of interest which an individual, or, more commonly, an investment company is willing to accept. To determine your IRR, you need to ask yourself what amount of money received in a year's... read more |
| INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD |
In March 2001, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) Foundation was formed as a not-for-profit corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware, US. The IASC Foundation is... read more |
| INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND |
An organisation with over 185 member countries that aims to maintain international currency stability and maximise economic growth. The IMF regularly reports on world growth and economic developments.... read more |
| INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES IDENTIFICATION NUMBER |
... read more |
| INTRADAY |
Literally, "within the day" as opposed to inter-day. Intraday trades are those that occur during the trading day - i.e. where a security is both bought and sold on the same day. This is mostly... read more |
| INTRINSIC VALUE |
... read more |
| INTRODUCING BROKER |
A firm or individual that solicits and accepts futures orders from customers but does not accept money, securities, or property from the customer. An IB must be registered with the Commodity... read more |
| INTU PROPERTIES PLC |
26 - 06 - 2020 Intu (ITU) is a UK-based real estate investment trust (REIT) which is part of the FTSE 100 index. It was founded by the late Donald Gordon in 2010. It specialises in retail... read more |
| INVENTORY |
Another word for stocks of raw material, work in progress, consumable stores and finished goods. The valuation of the inventory is critical to the balance sheet. |
| INVERTED HAMMER |
The counterpart of the hammer, this is also a bullish bottom reversal candlestick formation which derives its significance from it's shadow and implies that an upward trend is imminent. The inverted... read more |
| INVERTED THREE BUDDHA |
The opposite of a head-and-shoulders formation, this formation normally comes at the bottom of a long down-trend and signals the end of that down-trend. The market makes a left shoulder with... read more |
| INVESTABLE MARKET CAPITALISATION |
The free float of a company's shares multiplied by their current market price. Also known as the free float market cap., or the investable market capitalisation. This is used in the construction... read more |
| INVESTEC AUSTRALIA PROPERTY FUND |
04 - 11 - 2019 Investec Australia Property Fund (IAP) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which concentrates on property investments in Australia and New Zealand. It is owned 23% by... read more |
| INVESTEC BANK LTD |
26 - 05 - 2020 Investec (INL) does specialist banking and asset management in South Africa, Australia, Europe, the UK and a few other countries. The surprise Brexit vote in the UK has put... read more |
| INVESTEC PROPERTY FUND |
26 - 05 - 2020 Investec Property Fund (IPF) is a diversified South African real estate investment trust (REIT) with a R24bn portfolio of which R16bn is in South Africa. Like most REITs,... read more |
| INVESTMENT |
|
| INVESTMENT ANALYST |
An investment analyst does research on listed shares in order to provide information to a fund manager to enable him to allocate funds to specific investments. Investment analysts have to have... read more |
| INVESTMENT CLUBS |
Small, private organisations in which a group of investors, usually novices, pool their time and resources to learn more than they could on their own about various forms of investments and then... read more |
| INVESTMENT HOLDING COMPANY |
A company which holds shares in other companies as subsidiary or associate companies. |
| INVESTOR |
A person, either natural or juristic, that purchases and holds any investment in a security. On the JSE, most of the investors are institutions (pension funds, unit trusts and insurance companies)... read more |
| INVESTOR PROTECTION LEVY |
A levy charged by the JSE on all trades on the JSE consisting of 0,0002% of the value of the trade. This pays for insider trading investigations and prevents market manipulation. |
| INVICTA HOLDINGS LIMITED |
17 - 04 - 2020 Invicta (IVT) has two divisions - Engineering Solutions Group (ESG), which is a supplier of engineering consumables, components and spare parts, and Capital Equipment Group... read more |
| IPF |
26 - 05 - 2020 Investec Property Fund (IPF) is a diversified South African real estate investment trust (REIT) with a R24bn portfolio of which R16bn is in South Africa. Like most REITs,... read more |
| IPL |
06 - 06 - 2020 Imperial (IPL) was a massive logistics and motor business. It operated in 32 European and African countries and employed 27 000 people. The company split off and separately... read more |
| IPO |
Usually coinciding with a listing, this is the first offer of shares to the investing public by a company. |
| IRA |
An American retirement vehicle called an Individual Retirement Account (IRA). An employer's retirement plan that, as specified by tax law, allows employees to elect to have their federal taxable... read more |
| IRR |
The rate of interest which an individual, or, more commonly, an investment company is willing to accept. To determine your IRR, you need to ask yourself what amount of money received in a year's... read more |
| IRREGULAR FLAT |
A type of Elliott wave correction that has a 3-3-5 wave pattern, where the B wave terminates beyond the start of wave A. A "flat" is in progress, implying that a larger pattern is developing.... read more |
| ISA |
11 - 06 - 2020 ISA Holdings (ISA) is a small Alt-X listed IT company offering network, internet and information security in sub-Saharan Africa. The company claims to employ some of the leading... read more |
| ISA HOLDINGS |
11 - 06 - 2020 ISA Holdings (ISA) is a small Alt-X listed IT company offering network, internet and information security in sub-Saharan Africa. The company claims to employ some of the leading... read more |
| ISB |
15 - 04 - 2020 Insimbi (ISB) is a group which manufactures and supplies specialist products to the industrial sector. They source, buy, package and process ferrous and non-ferrous alloys,... read more |
| ISIN |
... read more |
| ISLAND FORMATION |
A period of sideways movement after a substantial fall, where the share moves up and down within a relatively narrow trading range. Eventually, there should be an up-side break-out from the island,... read more |
| ISSUED CAPITAL |
The value of the company’s authorised shares which have been sold to shareholders. Companies issue shares to the public to raise capital in what is known as the "primary market". This is... read more |
| ISSUED SHARES |
The value of the company’s authorised shares which have been sold to shareholders. Companies issue shares to the public to raise capital in what is known as the "primary market". This is... read more |
| ISSUED SHARES |
The number of shares which a company has sold to the public to raise capital for its establishment or expansion. A company must obtain authorisation from the Companies and Intellectual Property... read more |
| ITALTILE LTD |
18 - 06 - 2020 Italtile (ITE) is a franchisor of tiles, sanitary ware, flooring and home finishing products - which it manufactures and wholesales itself. The company is controlled by the... read more |
| ITE |
18 - 06 - 2020 Italtile (ITE) is a franchisor of tiles, sanitary ware, flooring and home finishing products - which it manufactures and wholesales itself. The company is controlled by the... read more |
| ITRIX |
A joint initiative by the JSE and Deutsche Bank to offer South African investors a method of investing in overseas markets using rands on the JSE. There are five Itrix ETF's trading on the JSE: ... read more |
| ITU |
26 - 06 - 2020 Intu (ITU) is a UK-based real estate investment trust (REIT) which is part of the FTSE 100 index. It was founded by the late Donald Gordon in 2010. It specialises in retail... read more |
| IVT |
17 - 04 - 2020 Invicta (IVT) has two divisions - Engineering Solutions Group (ESG), which is a supplier of engineering consumables, components and spare parts, and Capital Equipment Group... read more |
| J150 |
This is a weighted average of all gold shares traded on the JSE. The South African economy has been built on the exploitation of its mineral wealth - and gold was predominant until about 1970.... read more |
| JANUARY EFFECT |
An American phenomena which means the tendency for securities prices to recover in January after tax-related selling is completed before the year-end. |
| JASCO ELECTRONICS HOLDINGS LIMITED |
04 - 06 - 2020 Jasco (JSC) is a technology and electronics group that produces and markets products mainly in South Africa but also in East Africa. It serves a wide range of customers from... read more |
| JBL |
12 - 05 - 2020 Jubilee Metals Group (JBL) is a diversified metals recovery company which re-processes mine waste and surface materials. It is listed both on the London AIM market and on... read more |
| JIBAR |
The interest rate which banks in South Africa charge each other for funds lent in the open market and it is agreed by the ten largest financial institutions in the country. |
| JOHANNESBURG INTERBANK AGREED RATE |
The interest rate which banks in South Africa charge each other for funds lent in the open market and it is agreed by the ten largest financial institutions in the country. |
| JOHANNESBURG SECURITIES EXCHANGE |
The primary securities exchange in South Africa. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the futures and options markets and the bond market are all part of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange. There... read more |
| JSC |
04 - 06 - 2020 Jasco (JSC) is a technology and electronics group that produces and markets products mainly in South Africa but also in East Africa. It serves a wide range of customers from... read more |
| JSE |
The primary securities exchange in South Africa. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the futures and options markets and the bond market are all part of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange. There... read more |
| JSE ALTERNATIVE EXCHANGE |
The Alternative Exchange or Alt-X was brought in by the JSE to replace the Venture Capital Market (VCM) and the Development Capital Market (DCM) and its main purpose is to allow smaller shares... read more |
| JSE ALTERNATIVE EXCHANGE |
The Alt-X is part of the JSE. It is a board which is available to those companies which cannot qualify to list on the "main board". The listing requirements for the Alt-X include: (1) The company... read more |
| JSE ALTX 15 INDEX |
The index is supposed to contain the 15 largest companies trading on the Alt-X, but at the time of writing only 11 qualified for inclusion and they were dominated by Anchor Capital, which represented... read more |
| JSE CODE |
An abbreviation for securities traded on an organised exchange. Share codes on the JSE are between 3 and 6 letters long - so, for example, the code for Sasol is "sol". Most stockbroking trading... read more |
| JSE DIVIDENDS PLUS INDEX |
The JSE’s Dividend Plus Index is designed to include only those shares from the JSE Top40 and the JSE Mid-Cap which pay the best dividends based on their dividend yield. The components... read more |
| JSE FINANCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL 15 INDEX |
The Financial and Industrial 15 index consists of the largest 15 companies by free-float market capitalisation, but it excludes Naspers and Richmont. At the time of writing, these 15 companies... read more |
| JSE FINANCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL INDEX |
The JSE Financial and Industrial index (J250) includes 139 industrial and financial shares. The largest component is Naspers which accounts for more than 27% of the index, followed by Richemont... read more |
| JSE FINANCIALS INDEX |
This is an index of the financial shares trading on the JSE. It includes 60 companies (counting Investec Ltd and Investec Plc as a single company) including the larger real estate investment... read more |
| JSE FLEDGLING INDEX |
This index consists of ordinary shares which comply with all listing requirements, but are too small to be included in the All Share Index and which are not tested for liquidity. The JSE is broken... read more |
| JSE GOLD MINING INDEX |
This is a weighted average of all gold shares traded on the JSE. The South African economy has been built on the exploitation of its mineral wealth - and gold was predominant until about 1970.... read more |
| JSE INDUSTRIAL 25 INDEX |
The Industrial 25 index contains the largest 25 shares in the industrial sector weighted for their free-float market capitalisation. This index is again dominated by Naspers (over 44% weighting... read more |
| JSE INDUSTRIAL AND FINANCIAL 30 INDEX |
An index prepared by the JSE actuaries which is a weighted average of the 30 largest financial and industrial shares trading on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The Financial and Industrial 30... read more |
| JSE INDUSTRIAL INDEX |
The JSE Industrial index contains just 20 shares and, at the time of writing, was dominated by Remgro with a weighting of over 33% and Bidvest with a weighting of over 23%. These two shares had... read more |
| JSE LARGE AND MID CAP INDEX |
The Large and Mid-Cap index combines the Large Cap and the Mid Cap indices into a single index. At the time of writing, it had 103 shares in it and Naspers made up over 20% of it and BHP was... read more |
| JSE LARGE CAP INDEX |
The JSE Large Cap index contains 46 very large companies. In many ways this index is similar to the JSE Top 40 index. At the time of writing, Naspers accounted for over 23% of it, followed by... read more |
| JSE LIMITED |
30 - 06 - 2020 The Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) is listed on the JSE. It is a securities exchange which allows the trade of shares, bonds and derivatives. It has approximately 350 shares... read more |
| JSE MID-CAP INDEX |
The Mid Cap index is supposed to be the next 60 largest shares trading on the JSE, after the Top 40. In practice it sometimes contains 59 or 61. For actuarial reasons. At the time of writing... read more |
| JSE OVERALL INDEX |
All stock exchanges have indexes which provide averages of the prices of their listed shares. These averages are normally "weighted" so that larger companies are more important and smaller companies... read more |
| JSE PROPERTY INDEX |
The Sapy is an FTSE/JSE index of the top 20 liquid real estate investment trusts (REIT) by market capitalisation. 80% of a REIT's assets must be in property and they are required to earn at least... read more |
| JSE QUARTERLY MAGAZINE |
A three-monthly magazine sent to stockbrokers, fund managers and various other financial professionals. It is available at: http://www.jsemagazine.co.za |
| JSE RULES AND DIRECTIVES |
Rules and directives established by the JSE to govern all the workings of the exchange in terms of the Stock Exchanges Control Act (SECA). The rules are an extensive document which is available... read more |
| JSE SETS |
The London Stock Exchange's "Stock Exchange Trading Service" (SETS) electronic order book. The London Stock Exchange sold its Sets order-driven trading system to the JSE Securities Exchange South... read more |
| JSE SMALL-CAP INDEX |
The JSE Small Cap index consists of all the shares which are included in the JSE overall – except for those in the JSE Top 40 and the JSE Mid Cap. The Top 40 index is an average of the... read more |
| JSE TRUSTEES (PTY) LTD |
A company formed by the JSE to hold, invest and safeguard the surplus funds belonging to a client and held by a broker who is operating a controlled account on behalf of the client. The investors... read more |
| JSE TRUSTEES RATE |
Stock Broking firms open accounts for their customers so that they can invest on the JSE. Any funds deposited into such accounts and not used to buy shares must be transferred to the JSE Trustees... read more |
| JSE-FIN30 |
An index prepared by the JSE actuaries which is a weighted average of the 30 largest financial and industrial shares trading on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The Financial and Industrial 30... read more |
| JSE-IND25 |
The Industrial 25 index contains the largest 25 shares in the industrial sector weighted for their free-float market capitalisation. This index is again dominated by Naspers (over 44% weighting... read more |
| JUBILEE METALS GROUP LIMITED |
12 - 05 - 2020 Jubilee Metals Group (JBL) is a diversified metals recovery company which re-processes mine waste and surface materials. It is listed both on the London AIM market and on... read more |
| JUDICIAL MANAGEMENT |
A term from the previous Companies Act to allow for a company to be wound up for financial reasons. It is sometimes the case that a company can be saved with good management. Judicial management... read more |
| JUMBO CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT |
A CD worth at least $100,000. |
| JUNK BOND |
A bond which has less than investment grade - usually a bond issued by a company rather than a government or quasi-government organisation. |
| JUNK STATUS |
There are three major ratings agencies which have made a business out of assessing the credit risk of companies, parastatals and governments worldwide. They are Fitch, Moody's and Standard &... read more |
| JURISTIC PERSON |
An organisation which has a legal personality such as a company. This implies that it is responsible for its own management and debts (and not the investors who own the shares). The opposite... read more |
| KAAP AGRI LIMITED |
12 - 05 - 2020 Kaap Agri (KAL) is an agricultural company owned 40,9% by Zeder, which is, in turn, 43,7% held by PSG. The company operates through over 190 retail outlets offering a wide... read more |
| KAGI |
One of three types of Japanese candlestick charts that does not have time on the horizontal axis. |
| KAL |
12 - 05 - 2020 Kaap Agri (KAL) is an agricultural company owned 40,9% by Zeder, which is, in turn, 43,7% held by PSG. The company operates through over 190 retail outlets offering a wide... read more |
| KALMAN FILTERS |
A linear system in which the mean squared error between the desired and the actual output is minimised when the input is a random signal. The filter is named after Rudolf E. Kalman, though Thorvald... read more |
| KAP |
30 - 06 - 2020 KAP International Holdings (KAP) is a diversified industrial company which produces and markets timber, chemicals (PET and related chemicals), bedding and car parts. It also... read more |
| KAP INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LTD |
30 - 06 - 2020 KAP International Holdings (KAP) is a diversified industrial company which produces and markets timber, chemicals (PET and related chemicals), bedding and car parts. It also... read more |
| KAYDAV GROUP LIMITED |
03 - 07 - 2020 Kaydav (KDV) sells compressed wood-based paneling to the construction industry through outlets in Gauteng, Western Cape and Natal. It also sells packaging materials and machinery... read more |
| KBO |
15 - 04 - 2020 Kibo (KBO) is an African-orientated energy exploration company listed on the AIM (Alternative Investment Market) on the London Stock Exchange and on the Alt-X (Alternative... read more |
| KDV |
03 - 07 - 2020 Kaydav (KDV) sells compressed wood-based paneling to the construction industry through outlets in Gauteng, Western Cape and Natal. It also sells packaging materials and machinery... read more |
| KEY REVERSAL DAY |
A day with a much wider range of trade than usual which occurs at the top or bottom of a cycle. When a key reversal day occurs at the top of a cycle, prices open in new highs and then close below... read more |
| KIBO ENERGY PLC |
15 - 04 - 2020 Kibo (KBO) is an African-orientated energy exploration company listed on the AIM (Alternative Investment Market) on the London Stock Exchange and on the Alt-X (Alternative... read more |
| KING 3 REPORT |
A report on corporate governance and the duties of directors which has been accepted by the JSE as applying to all listed companies. The king report is now in its 3rd version and the... read more |
| KIO |
30 - 04 - 2020 Kumba (KIO) is a highly successful iron mining operation which is owned (79%) and controlled by Anglo American. The share price doubled from R250 in December 2018 to levels... read more |
| KONDRATIEV, NIKOLAI |
Developer of a wave theory. The Kondratieff Cycle is a theory based on a study of nineteenth century price behaviour which included wages, interest rates, raw material prices, foreign trade,... read more |
| KORE POTASH PLC |
04 - 05 - 2020 Kore (KP2) is a potash mining company which owns 97% of Sinukola Potash which has the Kola and Dougou (DX) mining leases in the Congo. Kola has a resource of 508m tons and... read more |
| KRUGERRAND |
A gold coin containing exactly one ounce of gold in the form of "royal gold" which is 8.3% copper. The copper is added to make the coin harder so that it cannot easily be "sweated" or "clipped".... read more |
| KST |
Indicator developed by Martin Pring. A weighted summed rate of change oscillator. Four different rates of change are calculated, smoothed, multiplied by weights and then summed to form one indicator.... read more |
| KST |
16 - 04 - 2020 PSG Konsult (KST) is a well-established financial services group which grew out of PSG's stockbroking business and which now offers a wide range of financial services including... read more |
| KUMBA IRON ORE LTD |
30 - 04 - 2020 Kumba (KIO) is a highly successful iron mining operation which is owned (79%) and controlled by Anglo American. The share price doubled from R250 in December 2018 to levels... read more |
| KURTOSIS |
Descriptive measure of how flat or pointed a distribution is. In probability theory and statistics, kurtosis is a measure of the "peakedness" of the probability distribution of a real-valued... read more |
| L2D |
04 - 06 - 2020 Liberty Two Degrees (L2D) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which contains the properties spun out of Liberty - most notably, it owns a share in the Sandton shopping... read more |
| L4L |
03 - 07 - 2020 Long 4 Life (L4L) is an investment company which listed on the JSE on 7th April 2017. It raised R2bn on listing mainly because its CEO was Brian Joffe, who is very well known... read more |
| LAB |
13 - 05 - 2020 Labat (LAB) is a 57% black-owned investment holding company which listed on the JSE in 1999. The company buys and improves subsidiaries and then sells them for a profit. At... read more |
| LABAT AFRICA LIMITED |
13 - 05 - 2020 Labat (LAB) is a 57% black-owned investment holding company which listed on the JSE in 1999. The company buys and improves subsidiaries and then sells them for a profit. At... read more |
| LABOUR BROKER |
A person or organisation that specialises in placing short-term workers. The union movement is strongly opposed to the existence of labour brokers, because, obviously, they make it possible for... read more |
| LABOUR RELATIONS |
A field of commercial activity which seeks to optimize the relationship between business and the labour force so as to ensure a minimum number of days work lost to strike action through contented... read more |
| LAG |
The number of data points that a filter, such as a moving average, follows or trails the input price data. So, for example, you can have a 65-day exponentially smoothed moving average which is... read more |
| LAGGING INDICATOR |
Certain economic indicators regularly lag behind the business cycle because of the nature of their business. For example, large construction contracts normally have a duration of three to five... read more |
| LAISSEZ-FAIRE |
This is the policy of leaving things to run their own course, without any interference. In economics, this refers to the non-interference by the government, in the free-market. It is a French... read more |
| LAND REFORM |
Part of South Africa's constitution is to remedy the imbalances of the past and part of this process is to restore land claims to those who were dispossessed during the colonial and apartheid... read more |
| LAST DAY TO REGISTER |
The date by which you must be registered as a shareholder in order to participate in a corporate action such as the paying of a dividend or a rights issue. The last day to register is three days... read more |
| LAST DAY TO TRADE |
The last day to trade (LDT) in securities, which are subject to a corporate action (such as a rights issue or a dividend), in order to ensure settlement on record date (RD) and qualify for the... read more |
| LAST IN FIRST OUT |
In accounting, a method of valuing closing stock which assumes that the most recently-purchased stock is the first stock to be used - which leaves the oldest and usually the less-expensive stock... read more |
| LAST TRANSACTION PRICE |
The price at which a certain share was last traded. This information is normally reported on the price page of your newspaper in a column headed "last". It is sometimes called the "closing" or... read more |
| LATEST QUARTERLY EARNINGS |
The percentage change from the latest earnings reported compared with the same quarter a year earlier. |
| LAZY BALANCE SHEET |
Occasionally, you will come across a listed company which is said to have a "lazy balance sheet" because they are carrying a lot of cash and cash equivalents - which could be used for profitable... read more |
| LBH |
04 - 06 - 2020 Liberty (LBH) is a financial services, asset management and insurance company which is a 54% subsidiary of Standard Bank. It is Standard Bank's "bancassurance" partner and... read more |
| LBR |
10 - 06 - 2020 Libstar (LBR) is a recently-listed decentralised food and beverage company producing "consumer packaged goods" which raised R3bn in an initial public offer (IPO) in May 2018.... read more |
| LEAD |
The number of data points that a filter, much as a moving average, precedes the input price data. |
| LEADING INDICATORS |
(1) These are indicators which tend to anticipate movements in other indicators. For example, the paper and packaging industry tends to start experiencing better conditions before the rest of... read more |
| LEAPS |
Acronym for long-term equity anticipation securities, which are long-term listed options, with maturities that can be as long as two and a half years. |
| LEG |
One side of a spread. |
| LEG OUT |
In rolling forward in futures, a method that would result in liquidating a position. |
| LEGAL PERSONA |
This is a legal term that refers to the fact that, in addition to natural persons, companies are also considered by law to be persons independent of their owners or managers. Legal persona gives... read more |
| LEVERAGE |
|
| LEW |
05 - 02 - 2020 Lewis (LEW) is a retailer of furniture and electrical appliances operating through 779 stores under the Lewis (494 stores), Beares (119 stores), Best Home (133 stores), and... read more |
| LEWIS GROUP LIMITED |
05 - 02 - 2020 Lewis (LEW) is a retailer of furniture and electrical appliances operating through 779 stores under the Lewis (494 stores), Beares (119 stores), Best Home (133 stores), and... read more |
| LHC |
13 - 05 - 2020 Life Healthcare (LHC) is the second-largest, JSE main-board listed, healthcare company with private hospitals, same-day clinics and surgeries and healthcare companies in South... read more |
| LIABILITY |
An accounting term, which records monies owed by the company to outsiders. The most common forms of liabilities are share capital and reserves (which are money "owed" to the shareholders), long-term... read more |
| LIBERTY HOLDINGS LIMITED |
04 - 06 - 2020 Liberty (LBH) is a financial services, asset management and insurance company which is a 54% subsidiary of Standard Bank. It is Standard Bank's "bancassurance" partner and... read more |
| LIBERTY TWO DEGREES |
04 - 06 - 2020 Liberty Two Degrees (L2D) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which contains the properties spun out of Liberty - most notably, it owns a share in the Sandton shopping... read more |
| LIBOR |
The interest rate which British banks charge each other for inter-bank loans. Libor is used as a bench-mark rate to determine other interest rates. |
| LIBSTAR HOLDINGS LTD |
10 - 06 - 2020 Libstar (LBR) is a recently-listed decentralised food and beverage company producing "consumer packaged goods" which raised R3bn in an initial public offer (IPO) in May 2018.... read more |
| LIFE HEALTHCARE GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED |
13 - 05 - 2020 Life Healthcare (LHC) is the second-largest, JSE main-board listed, healthcare company with private hospitals, same-day clinics and surgeries and healthcare companies in South... read more |
| LIFESTYLE TAX AUDIT |
The Receiver of Revenue sometimes undertakes a lifestyle audit of an individual who appears to be living beyond his taxed income and stated assets. The Income Tax Act allows for SARS to investigate... read more |
| LIFO |
In accounting, a method of valuing closing stock which assumes that the most recently-purchased stock is the first stock to be used - which leaves the oldest and usually the less-expensive stock... read more |
| LIGHTHOUSE CAPITAL LIMITED |
03 - 07 - 2020 Lighthouse Capital (LTE) (previously Greenbay) was one of the Resilient group of REITs (real estate investment trusts) along with Resilient itself, Rockcastle and Fortress.... read more |
| LIMIT (UP OR DOWN) |
The maximum price advance or decline from the previous day's settlement price permitted during one trading session, as fixed by the rules of an exchange. The purpose of limit up or limit down... read more |
| LIMIT MOVE |
A change in price that exceeds the limits set by the exchange on which the contract is traded. |
| LIMIT ORDER |
Limit order types are orders that stipulate both a volume to be bought or sold and a limit price. Limit orders will always execute at the specified limit or better. With on-line trading, all... read more |
| LIMITED LIABILITY |
Corporate entities are juristic persons who have full legal persona. This means that they are responsible for their own debts separately from the people who own their shares. This is not true... read more |
| LINE CHART |
Technical Analysis, or charting as it is called, has three primary divisions - Formations, Line Charts and Wave and Cycle Theories. Line charts start with a simple chart of the closing price... read more |
| LINEAR WEIGHTING |
The even weighting of a moving average so that older data has proportionately less impact than more recent data. In a standard moving average every price from the most recent to the oldest in... read more |
| LIQUID |
A liquid share is one which typically trades more than R5 million but less than R500 million worth of shares every trading day. A good example of this would be a share like Dischem or Coronation.... read more |
| LIQUID ASSETS |
Assets that can be readily converted into cash. Normally, these are current assets such as debtors, stock and obviously cash or bank balances. The "liquidity" of an asset is the speed and ease... read more |
| LIQUID MARKET |
A security or commodity market with enough units outstanding to allow large transactions without a substantial change in price. |
| LIQUIDATE |
To settle the affairs of a company/firm by selling assets in order to pay creditors. When a company is liquidated, ordinary shareholders are entitled to receive their portion of remaining assets... read more |
| LIQUIDATING VALUE |
A money balance figure calculated by beginning with adjusted total equity, subtracting short option value, and adding long option value. This figure provides a critical snapshot of the financial... read more |
| LIQUIDATION |
The process whereby a company is dissolved. The court, the company itself, a shareholder, the Master of the court, the business rescue practitioner, a creditor, or the minister may initiate such... read more |
| LIQUIDITY |
The ability of a company (or person) to raise cash on short notice, usually with a view to meeting debts, unexpected expenses, or to take advantage of opportunities. It is wise to keep a portion... read more |
| LISTING |
The right to trade a particular security on an organised exchange. The JSE has stringent requirements for companies seeking to have their shares and other instruments listed. Securities may be... read more |
| LISTINGS BOOM |
This describes a surge in companies lising on the JSE over a period of time. As a company executive, having your company listed on the JSE is attractive, as capital can be generated to grow the... read more |
| LJUNG-BOX STATISTIC |
A chi-square test of significance of higher order correlation existence. The marginal significance level is the probability that a no more higher order correlation exists. There are a large number... read more |
| LNF |
28 - 02 - 2020 London Finance and Investment Group (LNF) is a British company involved in management and finance in the UK, America and Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange... read more |
| LOAD |
Commission and fees taken out of investment capital; that is, the situation in which a front-loaded mutual fund takes commission and fees out of investment capital before the money is put to... read more |
| LOAN TO VALUE |
This is the amount of debt which a real estate investment trust (REIT) or property company has as a proportion of the value of the properties which it owns. In general an LTV of above 40% is... read more |
| LOCAL COUNTER-PARTY TRANSACTION |
A transaction where a member firm trades as a principal with a person in South Africa, other than a member firm in South Africa. |
| LOCKED IN |
A special arrangement whereby certain shareholders are prevented from selling their shares for a defined period of time. This is typically a condition of an acquisition where the major shareholders... read more |
| LOCKED LIMIT |
A market that, if not restricted, would seek price equilibrium outside the limit but, instead, moves to the limit and ceases to trade. |
| LOG CHARTS |
Long-term standard charts, especially of indexes, have the disadvantage that the older data cannot be compared with the most recent data. For example, the 40% collapse of the JSE Overall index... read more |
| LOGARITHMIC CHART |
There are a number of ways to display the data on a chart. A linear chart is just like the charts that you used to draw at school with both the X and the Y axis showing one unit for each interval.... read more |
| LON |
| LONDON FINANCE AND INVESTMENT GROUP PLC |
28 - 02 - 2020 London Finance and Investment Group (LNF) is a British company involved in management and finance in the UK, America and Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange... read more |
| LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE |
The London Stock Exchange is one of the world's oldest stock exchanges and can trace its history back more than 300 years. Starting life in the coffee houses of 17th century London, the Exchange... read more |
| LONG |
Establishing ownership of the responsibilities of a buyer of a tradable; holding securities in anticipation of a price increase in that security. An investor who is "long of a stock" is a person... read more |
| LONG 4 LIFE LTD |
03 - 07 - 2020 Long 4 Life (L4L) is an investment company which listed on the JSE on 7th April 2017. It raised R2bn on listing mainly because its CEO was Brian Joffe, who is very well known... read more |
| LONG LEGGED DOJI |
A candlestick formation which comprises of a very small or non-existent body and very long upper and lower shadows. The body of the candle is exactly in between the two shadows. The Rickshawman... read more |
| LONG OPTION VALUE |
The current market value of all long options in a trading account. This amount of cash would flow into the account (less any commissions and fees) in the event that the options were offset (sold)... read more |
| LONG-TERM LIABILITY |
A debt, which is to be repaid over years rather than months. A good example of this would be debentures, which carry a fixed percentage return and are redeemable by the company at some future... read more |
| LONMIN PLC |
| LOOKBACK INTERVAL |
The number of periods of historical data used for observation and calculation. For example, a 50-day moving average has a lookback interval of 50 trading days. |
| LOOP STRUCTURE |
An illegal structure where a person resident in South Africa for tax purposes owns a company or trust overseas which then, in turn, owns assets in South Africa. Certain loop structures can be... read more |
| LOOSELY HELD |
This expression refers to shares which are held by people who are not familiar with the inner workings of the company. They will sell their shares easily, especially if the price rises a little.... read more |
| LOT |
A unit of trading. In the futures market, one lot refers to one futures or options contract. In the forex market, one lot is equivalent to 100,000 units of a particular foreign currency. Originally... read more |
| LOW |
The lowest point in a price pattern over a specific period. |
| LOW PASS FREQUENCY FILTER |
A data smoother or filter that lets pass low frequency trend sinusoids and rejects high frequency noise (see SMA). |
| LOW-TICKING |
To sell at the bid price. |
| LSE |
The London Stock Exchange is one of the world's oldest stock exchanges and can trace its history back more than 300 years. Starting life in the coffee houses of 17th century London, the Exchange... read more |
| LTE |
03 - 07 - 2020 Lighthouse Capital (LTE) (previously Greenbay) was one of the Resilient group of REITs (real estate investment trusts) along with Resilient itself, Rockcastle and Fortress.... read more |
| LTV |
This is the amount of debt which a real estate investment trust (REIT) or property company has as a proportion of the value of the properties which it owns. In general an LTV of above 40% is... read more |
| M1 |
The total amount of money in the country. There are various methods for measuring the money supply, itemised and defined as "M0, M1, M2 and M3". Thus the broadest measure of the money supply... read more |
| M2 |
The total amount of money in the country. There are various methods for measuring the money supply, itemised and defined as "M0, M1, M2 and M3". Thus the broadest measure of the money supply... read more |
| M3 |
The total amount of money in the country. There are various methods for measuring the money supply, itemised and defined as "M0, M1, M2 and M3". Thus the broadest measure of the money supply... read more |
| MACD |
The crossing of two exponentially smoothed moving averages that are plotted above and below a zero line. The crossover, movement through the zero line, and divergences generate buy and sell signals.... read more |
| MAIDEN DIVIDEND |
The first dividend paid by a company after listing on the JSE. A company's first dividend is typically the subject of much speculation. The prospectus will give a five year projection of how... read more |
| MAIN BOARD |
To be listed on the main board of the JSE a company must have at least R1m in subscribed capital in the form of at least 1 m shares. It must have a satisfactory profit history over the past 3... read more |
| MAINTENANCE MARGIN |
A set minimum margin (per outstanding futures contract) that a customer must maintain in his margin account to retain the futures position. See also Margin. |
| MAJOR AUCTION |
The overall trend of the market such as might be observed on a bar chart. |
| MAJORITY SHAREHOLDER |
The shareholder or group of shareholders who own a controlling interest in the company - usually 50% of the voting shares plus 1 share. Obviously, the identity of the controlling shareholder... read more |
| MANAGED ACCOUNT |
An account opened with a stockbroker where the client has entered into an arrangement with the stockbroker that authorises the stockbroker to conduct transactions on the client's behalf with... read more |
| MANAGED FUTURES |
A fund that uses the futures market as its primary asset. |
| MANAGEMENT BUY-OUT |
The acquisition of all or part of the share capital of a company by its directors and senior executives. The management is usually assisted by loans from an institution. |
| MANAGEMENT RATIOS |
Financial ratios which are used to assess the management of a company's working capital. These ratios include the stock turn ratio and the debtors collection period ratio each of which measure... read more |
| MANDATE |
When you open a stockbroking account you will be required to sign a mandate - which is an agreement between you and your broker which determines the extent of his control over your account. A... read more |
| MANDATORY OFFER |
When one shareholder acquires more than 35% of a listed company, he is obliged by the Securities Regulation Panel to make an offer to all the shareholders of the company to acquire their shares.... read more |
| MAP |
Master Plastics (MAP) is an Alt-X listed company that was spun out of Astrapak and separately listed on 24th May 2017. It is involved in manufacturing a variety of plastics for the agricultural,... read more |
| MARGIN |
In stock trading, an account in which a purchase of stock may be financed with borrowed money; in futures trading, the deposit placed with the clearinghouse to assure fulfilment of the contract.... read more |
| MARGIN CALL |
A call from a broker or firm to a customer, to bring margin deposits up to a required minimum level. A margin call essentially means that a customer's account equity is no longer sufficient to... read more |
| MARGINAL PRODUCER |
A term usually applied to gold-mining companies with a very high cost of extraction and therefore a low margin. If their cost of extraction is close to the gold price, then very small fluctuations... read more |
| MARGINAL TAX BRACKET |
The tax bracket which individuals in South Africa with the highest incomes pay. In the tax year which ends on 28th February 2018, the marginal tax bracket for individuals resident in South Africa... read more |
| marginal tax rate |
The tax bracket which individuals in South Africa with the highest incomes pay. In the tax year which ends on 28th February 2018, the marginal tax bracket for individuals resident in South Africa... read more |
| MARKED TO MARKET |
Calculation of the difference between the contract price and the market price. |
| MARKET ACTION |
The price of trades and the volumes changing hands during the trading day. The best way to see this is to look at either a candlestick or a bar chart together with a volume histogram. These will... read more |
| MARKET APPRECIATION |
The difference between what was paid for a share and its current market price. This is distinct from the realised profit, which can only occur if the share is actually sold and the money is in... read more |
| MARKET BREADTH |
The extent or scope of change in share prices. Market breadth is most often measured by analysing the number of shares that advanced or declined during the period or by counting the number of... read more |
| MARKET BUBBLE |
An asset bubble is a period where the price of a particular asset reaches unsustainable levels due to investor enthusiasm. Over the centuries there have been a number of famous asset bubbles.... read more |
| MARKET CAPITALISATION |
The current market price of a share multiplied by the number of shares that the company has in issue. The market capitalisation of a company is the value which the market gives it at any point... read more |
| MARKET CARPETS |
A feature in your Software which allows you to view the entire JSE, sector by sector, in the form of a matrix of squares with each sector represented by a square. The colour of the square indicates... read more |
| MARKET CONDUCT REGULATOR |
Previously known as the Financial Services Board (FSB). The Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA), newly named with the advent of the Twin Peaks mechanism, introduced on 1st April 2018, is... read more |
| MARKET CRASH |
A sudden fall in stock market prices, sometimes in a single trading day, and which is usually followed by a bear trend. This happens generally because market prices have risen to unrealistically... read more |
| MARKET MAKER |
A broker or bank continually prepared to make a two-way price to purchase or sell for a security or currency. |
| MARKET NOISE |
An incorrect interpretation of the market due to daily price and volume fluctuations. Volatility in the market can be smoothed out with a moving average. Usually the smaller the time period under... read more |
| MARKET ORDER |
An order given to a broker with no price limitation. The broker is instructed to obtain or sell a specific number of shares "at best" - as opposed to a limit order, where the instruction is only... read more |
| MARKET PERCEPTION |
The way in which the investing public in general feel about a share, an industry or the market as a whole. In other words, do they see a share as highly-rated or poorly-rated? Are they expecting... read more |
| MARKET PRESSURE |
The constraint on a share price brought about by either buying or selling pressure. Market pressure can be either bullish or bearish, depending on whether there is more buying or selling pressure.... read more |
| MARKET RATING |
The value which the market places on a share. The price of a share in relation to its most recent earnings per share are reflected in the P:E ratio and it's reciprocal, the earnings yield. Highly... read more |
| MARKET RISK |
The uncertainty of returns attributable to fluctuation of the entire market as opposed to a specific share. The risk in the market as a whole is usually known as "systematic risk" while the risk... read more |
| MARKET SENTIMENT |
Crowd psychology, typically a measurement of bullish or bearish attitudes among investors and traders. There is a definite "herd" effect in market sentiment where bullish or bearish sentiment,... read more |
| MARKET SHARE |
The percentage of a particular market which a company controls. Companies, especially in the retail sector are constantly fighting to maintain or increase their market share. The goal is to have... read more |
| MARKET TIMING |
Using analytical tools to devise "buy" and "sell" signals. Market timing is the realm of technical analysis while fundamental analysis is better for share selection. |
| MARKET VALUE |
Company value determined by investors, obtained by multiplying the current price of company stock by the common shares outstanding - in other words, the market capitalisation of the share. The... read more |
| MARKET-IF-TOUCHED ORDER |
An order placed much like a Limit order (buy orders should be placed below the current market price; sell orders above the current market price), but when the market touches the specified price,... read more |
| MARKET-ON-CLOSE ORDER |
An order to buy or sell a futures or options contract at the prevailing market price during the closing range (usually, the last 30-60 seconds of trading). Similar to a market order in that no... read more |
| MARSHALL MONTEAGLE PLC |
30 - 06 - 2020 This is an investment holding company with investments in the UK, Europe, USA, the far East and South Africa. In South Africa it is invested in food processing and logistics.... read more |
| MAS REAL ESTATE INC |
01 - 06 - 2020 MAS (MSP) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which invests in office, commercial, logistics, retail, and hospitality properties in Europe and the UK. This REIT was started... read more |
| MASSMART HOLDINGS LTD |
18 - 06 - 2020 Massmart (MSM), 51% of which was bought by the international grocery chain Walmart in June 2011 for $2,5bn at a price of R148 per share, consists of Massmart itself, Massdiscounters,... read more |
| MASTER DRILLING GROUP LTD |
09 - 06 - 2020 Master Drilling (MDI) is a South African company that specialises in drilling exploration and other holes for the mining industry and which has diversified into drilling for... read more |
| MASTER PLASTICS LTD |
Master Plastics (MAP) is an Alt-X listed company that was spun out of Astrapak and separately listed on 24th May 2017. It is involved in manufacturing a variety of plastics for the agricultural,... read more |
| MATCHING PRINCIPLE |
The accounting principle which requires that the expenses of a period are subtracted from the incomes of the same period in order to arrive at the profit or loss for that period. For example,... read more |
| MATERIAL ADVERSE CHANGE (MAC) |
A material adverse change clause is included in most major contracts and allows parties to exit the contract or modify it if a something happens which significantly changes the value of the assets... read more |
| MATIF |
The Marche A Terme Des Instruments Financiers exchange in Paris. MATIF SA is France's futures exchange, absorbed in the merger of the Paris Bourse with Euronext NV to form Euronext Paris. Derivatives... read more |
| MATURITY |
U.S. Treasury Bills reach their face value on the maturity date. T-Bills are issued at a discount to face value and gradually increase in value until reaching the full face value on the maturity... read more |
| MAXIMUM ADVERSE EXCURSION |
A historical measurement of the closed losing trades versus the closed profitable trades of a trading system. Used to determine the stop-loss level that can be used that will allow winning trades... read more |
| MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHOD |
More flexible than Fourier analysis, the maximum entropy method is both a tool for spectrum analysis and a method of adaptive filtering and trend forecasting. As a tool for spectrum analysis,... read more |
| MAZOR GROUP LIMITED |
15 - 04 - 2020 Mazor (MZR) is a construction company which also supplies windows and glass. The company is based in Cape Town and does structural steelworks and aluminum facades. It has... read more |
| MC MINING LIMITED |
21 - 05 - 2020 MC Mining (previously "Coal of Africa") (MCZ) is a small metallurgical coal-mining company with a single producing mine (Uitkomst). Aside from Uitkomst, the company is developing... read more |
| MCG |
11 - 06 - 2020 Multichoice (MCG) is a leading entertainment company in Africa and one of the fastest-growing pay-TV broadcast providers in the world with 13,9m subscribers in 50 countries.... read more |
| MCSA |
Previously known as the Chamber of Mines, this organisation represents employers in the mining industry in South Africa. Its objective is to support and promote mining in this country. It was... read more |
| MCZ |
21 - 05 - 2020 MC Mining (previously "Coal of Africa") (MCZ) is a small metallurgical coal-mining company with a single producing mine (Uitkomst). Aside from Uitkomst, the company is developing... read more |
| MDI |
09 - 06 - 2020 Master Drilling (MDI) is a South African company that specialises in drilling exploration and other holes for the mining industry and which has diversified into drilling for... read more |
| MEAN |
The mean of a set of numbers. Averages are used extensively in the share market for the determination of market indexes and economic data. The moving average in its various forms (simple, exponential,... read more |
| MEAN DEVIATION |
The average absolute value of the difference between the population of numbers and the mean. |
| MEAN RETURN |
The average monthly total return of a stock. The total return is price change added to dividends. |
| MEAN REVERTING |
The term adopted in academic literature for one possible state of a price series: that state when price is oscillating randomly about some (unknown) mean value. That is, it is not trending. |
| MEDIAN LINE |
The line that is drawn from an extreme that bisects a line drawn through the next corrective phase after the pivot point. See Andrews Method. |
| MEDICLINIC INTERNATIONAL PLC |
06- 06 - 2020 Mediclinic International (MEI) has its primary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) with secondary listings on the JSE and the Namibian Stock Exchange. It has operations... read more |
| MEGAPHONE |
A technical analysis formation which is the opposite of an asymmetrical triangle. The broadening formation occurs when there is uncertainty and high volatility in the market. The formation takes... read more |
| MEI |
06- 06 - 2020 Mediclinic International (MEI) has its primary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) with secondary listings on the JSE and the Namibian Stock Exchange. It has operations... read more |
| MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION |
A document required in terms of the old Companies Act which was lodged with the Registrar of Companies and which set out the relationship of a company with the outside world. In terms of the... read more |
| MEMORANDUM OF INCORPORATION |
Introduced in May 2011, the Memorandum is a single document that, in terms of the new Companies Act, replaces the old memorandum and articles of association. The MOI includes details of the relationship... read more |
| MENTAL POSTURE |
Mental Posture is your emotional response to the share market in general and to your shares in particular. Objectively, investing in shares should be a very scientific process. The reality is... read more |
| MENTAL STOP-LOSS |
A stop-loss order kept in your head instead of instructing your broker. |
| MERAFE RESOURCES LIMITED |
30 - 04 - 2020 This is a ferrochrome operation controlled by Glencore which operates mines, furnaces and smelters in Mpumalanga and Limpopo. The Glencore-Merafe joint venture can produce... read more |
| MERGER |
This occurs where two or more companies come under the control of one, whose shareholders then become the shareholders of the companies that were merged. The Companies Act (71 of 2008) uses the... read more |
| METAIR INVESTMENTS ORD |
19 - 05 - 2020 Metair (MTA) produces energy solutions (batteries) and components for the vehicle manufacturing business. It has operations in Africa and in various European and Middle East... read more |
| METROFILE HOLDINGS LIMITED |
07 - 05 - 2020 Metrofile (MFL) is a company which specialises in records storage and management, image processing and backup. The company has been listed since 1995 and has a 57,4% black... read more |
| METTLE INVESTMENTS LIMITED |
06 - 06 - 2020 Mettle Investments (MLE) is an Alt-X listed financial services group that was spun out of Tradehold and unbundled into a separately listed company on 23rd May 2018. Tradehold... read more |
| MFL |
07 - 05 - 2020 Metrofile (MFL) is a company which specialises in records storage and management, image processing and backup. The company has been listed since 1995 and has a 57,4% black... read more |
| MICROMEGA HOLDINGS LIMITED |
03 - 01 - 2020 Sebata (SEB) is an investment holding company with four divisions - software solutions, water technologies, ICT support services and consulting. Their software solutions division... read more |
| MINE RESTORATION INVESTMENT LIMITED |
04 - 05 - 2020 Mine Restoration (MRI) has not traded on the JSE since July 2016. It was originally in the coal business and then it became a cash shell. More recently it has been involved... read more |
| MINIMUM SUBSCRIPTION |
Section 108 (2) of the Companies Act requires the directors of a company intent on raising capital from the public by a sale of shares to determine the minimum amount of capital necessary for... read more |
| MINIMUM WAGES |
These are set by the Minister of Labour in terms of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act for each industry in the economy. The problem with setting a minimum wage is that often it makes a particular... read more |
| MINING CHARTER |
The constitution seeks to redress the racial imbalances of the past and in the mining industry this is achieved by the mining charter. The charter aims to have at least 26% of mining companies'... read more |
| MINOR AUCTION |
The latest trend of the market, i.e., what it is doing now. |
| MINORITY INTEREST |
A shareholding of less than 50% of the total issued share capital of a company. Companies work on the principle of majority rule - decisions are made by the majority of votes in the company.... read more |
| MIS-MATCH FACTOR |
This is the gross profit margin which banks make on lending money to the commercial sector. It is the difference between the prime overdraft rate and the repo rate which the Reserve Bank charges... read more |
| MISMATCH FACTOR |
This is the difference between the repo rate (what the Reserve Bank charges the commercial banks) and the prime overdraft rate (what commercial banks charge their best clients). The difference... read more |
| MIT |
An order placed much like a Limit order (buy orders should be placed below the current market price; sell orders above the current market price), but when the market touches the specified price,... read more |
| MIX |
01 - 06 - 2020 Mix Telematics (MIX) is a company which specialises in vehicle tracking technology and has operations in South Africa, Australia, the UK, the US, Brazil, Thailand, and Romania.... read more |
| MIX TELEMATICS LTD |
01 - 06 - 2020 Mix Telematics (MIX) is a company which specialises in vehicle tracking technology and has operations in South Africa, Australia, the UK, the US, Brazil, Thailand, and Romania.... read more |
| MIXED CAPITALISM |
Mixed capitalism is an economic system which combines elements of capitalism and socialism. This means that consumers are given a singificant amount of freedom in the labour market and the retail... read more |
| MIXED CAPITALIST SYSTEM |
Mixed capitalism is an economic system which combines elements of capitalism and socialism. This means that consumers are given a singificant amount of freedom in the labour market and the retail... read more |
| MLE |
06 - 06 - 2020 Mettle Investments (MLE) is an Alt-X listed financial services group that was spun out of Tradehold and unbundled into a separately listed company on 23rd May 2018. Tradehold... read more |
| MMI |
MMI is an investment and insurance financial services company, created by the merger of Momentum and Metropolitan in 2010, which focuses on the lower end of the market. The company has been performing... read more |
| MMI HOLDINGS LTD |
MMI is an investment and insurance financial services company, created by the merger of Momentum and Metropolitan in 2010, which focuses on the lower end of the market. The company has been performing... read more |
| MMP |
30 - 06 - 2020 This is an investment holding company with investments in the UK, Europe, USA, the far East and South Africa. In South Africa it is invested in food processing and logistics.... read more |
| MND |
16 - 04 - 2020 Mondi (MNP) is a massive international paper and packaging company that started in South Africa, but now has interests in 30 countries and employs 26000 people. It has businesses... read more |
| MNK |
03 - 03 - 2020 Montauk (MNK) is an American company that specialises in extracting methane from landfills, mostly in America. In December 2014, the share was trading for 200c and it is now... read more |
| MOC |
An order to buy or sell a futures or options contract at the prevailing market price during the closing range (usually, the last 30-60 seconds of trading). Similar to a market order in that no... read more |
| MODERN PORTFOLIO THEORY |
Investing theory in which portfolio managers estimate and manage risk and return. Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) is based on the "random walk hypothesis" which basically maintains that it is impossible... read more |
| MODIFIED ENDOWMENT CONTRACT |
Life insurance in which funds such as policy loans, assignments, pledges, and partial surrenders are considered gross income and subject to income tax. |
| MOI |
Introduced in May 2011, the Memorandum is a single document that, in terms of the new Companies Act, replaces the old memorandum and articles of association. The MOI includes details of the relationship... read more |
| MOMENTUM |
A time series representing change of today's price from some fixed number of days back in history. The theory here is that when a share is going up it tends to move in a trajectory like a tennis... read more |
| MOMENTUM FILTER |
A measure of change, derivative or slope of the underlying trend in a time series. Implemented by first applying a low pass filter to the data and then applying a differencing operation to the... read more |
| MOMENTUM INDICATOR |
A market indicator utilising price and volume statistics for predicting the strength or weakness of a current market and any overbought or oversold conditions, and to note turning points within... read more |
| MOMENTUM METROPOLITAN HOLDINGS LIMITED |
26 - 05 - 2020 Momentum Metropolitan (MTM) is an insurance company listed on the JSE and the Namibian stock exchanges. It was formed by the merger of Momentum and Metropolitan in December... read more |
| MONDI LTD |
16 - 04 - 2020 Mondi (MNP) is a massive international paper and packaging company that started in South Africa, but now has interests in 30 countries and employs 26000 people. It has businesses... read more |
| MONETARISM |
An approach to economics developed by Milton Friedman in which he proposes that increases in the money supply have an almost direct impact on the inflation rate because the velocity of circulation... read more |
| MONETARY POLICY |
Monetary policy is the control of the economy by changes in the money supply, as a result of changes in the level of interest rates, and the percentage of money that banks are required to lodge... read more |
| MONETARY POLICY COMMITTEE |
A committee formed by the Reserve Bank of South Africa which meets regularly to discuss and decide on interest changes within the country. This committee is chaired by the Governor of the Reserve... read more |
| MONETARY STIMULATION |
A policy implemented by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank to encourage economic growth through the money supply of a country. Stimulation can be done in four principal ways... read more |
| MONEY FLOW |
A number of technical indicators that incorporate volume and price action to measure buying or selling pressure. |
| MONEY MARKET |
The money market does not take place at a central place; it is really a communications network which allows banks, money brokers, businesses, discount houses, the government and the Reserve Bank... read more |
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