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Certain ratios are calculated as a number of cents per share - like the net asset value per share, the dividends per share and the earnings per share. These types of "per share" ratios depend on the number of shares in issue. Net asset value is usually based on the number of shares in issue at the end of the accounting period, but earnings and dividends per share are based on the average number of shares in issue during the accounting period - which can vary significantly as a result of rights issues, consolidations, share splits, employee share option schemes and share buy-backs.