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In South Africa, consumer confidence is measured and published every quarter by FNB and the Bureau for Economic Research (BER). The survey includes three questions (1) expected performance of the economy, (2) the expected financial position of households and (3) the rating of the appropriateness of the present time to buy durable goods, such as furniture, appliances and electronic equipment. These questions are put to consumers in mainly urban areas. In the first quarter of 2023 the index fell from -8 to -23 reflecting the impact of increased loadshedding and rising interest rates. The current level is the second lowest since the ANC took power in 1994 according to a Business Day report on 30th June 2023. Business confidence is obviously an important component of consumer spending, especially on big ticket capital items like motor cars and white goods like fridges and stoves.

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