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A mechanism for providing governance over a local area. In South Africa there are 8 metropolitan municipalities, 44 district municipalities and 205 local municipalities - making a total of 257. The metropolitan municipalities look after individual cities and towns. Municipal elections are held every five years to determine which party will run the individual municipalities. In 2022 only 38 of the municipalities received a clean audit. Most municipalities are in financial disarray with massive fruitless and wasteful expenditure. The ineffectiveness of the municipalities leads to continuous community protests about poor service delivery. The notable exception has been the DA run Cape Town area.