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A ratio which measures how much of a person's gross monthly income is allocated to their cost of housing. Their cost of housing is either rent or mortgage bond repayments. The banks that provide mortgage funding in South Africa are uncomfortable if a person (or family) spends more than a quarter of their gross income on their bond repayments. The back-end ratio shows what percentage of a person's income is used to pay all his debts including mortgage payments, child support, trade accounts and other payments.