List of Glossary Terms
| IDQ |
16 - 04 - 2020 Indequity (IDQ) is a short-term insurance company which writes personal line business insurance on behalf of larger insurance companies. The company targets the professional... read more |
| IDZ |
These are special business zones which enjoy tax and other benefits to encourage rapid industrialisation. They are often located in areas where business is depressed in order to encourage growth... read more |
| ILE |
12 - 12 - 2019 Imbalie (ILE) is a beauty franchisor which operates through 150 salons and retailers. It sells its own health and beauty brands. It has 3 types of franchises - Placecol, Dream... read more |
| ILLEGAL MINERS |
These are informal miners who attempt to extract ore from a disused mine - usually at great risk to themselves. Known as "Zama-zama" (which means "people who try"), these miners have inadequate... read more |
| ILLEGAL STRIKE |
A labour strike which takes place outside the ambit of the Labour Relations Act. Such wildcat strikes entitle the employer to fire those who are involved. In South Africa, however, such strikes... read more |
| ILLIQUID |
Illiquid shares are those which trade less than R200 000 worth of shares every day on average. Such shares can be traded by private investors, but the big institutions (like pension funds, unit... read more |
| ILU |
11 - 06 - 2020 Indluplace (ILU) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which specialises in residential property and which is 66,24% owned by Arrowhead Properties. It owns residential... read more |
| IMBALIE BEAUTY LIMITED |
12 - 12 - 2019 Imbalie (ILE) is a beauty franchisor which operates through 150 salons and retailers. It sells its own health and beauty brands. It has 3 types of franchises - Placecol, Dream... read more |
| IMF |
An organisation with over 185 member countries that aims to maintain international currency stability and maximise economic growth. The IMF regularly reports on world growth and economic developments.... read more |
| IMP |
19 - 05 - 2020 Impala Platinum Holdings (IMP), or Implats, is the world's third largest platinum group metals (PGM) producer. It has been suffering over the past 7 years from aggressive... read more |
| IMPAIRED ASSETS |
Assets whose book value has been reduced by the board in order to reflect their true market value more accurately. Impairments result in a reduction in the profit of the company in the period... read more |
| IMPALA PLATINUM HOLDINGS LTD |
19 - 05 - 2020 Impala Platinum Holdings (IMP), or Implats, is the world's third largest platinum group metals (PGM) producer. It has been suffering over the past 7 years from aggressive... read more |
| IMPERIAL HOLDINGS LTD |
06 - 06 - 2020 Imperial (IPL) was a massive logistics and motor business. It operated in 32 European and African countries and employed 27 000 people. The company split off and separately... read more |
| IMPLIED ALPHA |
The excess return expected from a stock to justify its current weighting in the portfolio. |
| IMPLIED VOLATILITY |
The volatility computed using the actual market prices of an option contract and one of a number of pricing models. For example, if the market price of an option rises without a change in the... read more |
| IMPORT COVER RATIO |
A ratio which assesses the level of the country's reserves in terms of how many months worth of imports they could cover. A healthy import cover ratio would be around 15 to 20 and South Africa... read more |
| IMPULSE WAVE |
A wave or cycle of waves that carries the current trend further in the same direction. |
| IMUNITI HOLDINGS LTD |
02 - 01 - 2020 Imuniti Holdings (NUT), or Nutrition, is a manufacturer and marketer of dried foods and water purification which it supplies to the lower LSM and mass feeding markets. It... read more |
| IN PLAY |
A stock that is the focus of a public bidding contest, as in a takeover or bear raid. |
| IN-THE-MONEY |
An investment term used to describe a situation in which a particular security can be sold for a profit. This is calculated by taking into consideration the purchase price of the security, the... read more |
| IN-THE-MONEY OPTION |
An option that has intrinsic value. A call option is in-the-money if its strike price is below the current price of the underlying futures contract. A put option is in-the-money if its strike... read more |
| INCLUSION RATE |
In Capital Gains Tax (CGT), the percentage of a capital gain which is included in taxable income. For companies and trusts this is 66% while for individuals it is 40%. Thus, if you are in the... read more |
| INCOME |
In accounting terms, this refers to all revenues received by a company, both as a result of its sales and other sources such as interest, dividends or rent. This figure is often called "turnover"... read more |
| INCOME DIVIDENDS |
Payments to mutual fund shareholders consisting of dividends, interest and short-term capital gains earned on the fund's portfolio securities after deduction of operating expenses. |
| INCOME STATEMENT |
A requirement of the Companies Act and Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (GAAP), the income statement must disclose the turnover of the company during the accounting period and certain,... read more |
| INCOME TAX ACT |
The Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 has had numerous amendments. Its basic purpose is to consolidate the law relating to the taxation of incomes and donations, to provide for the recovery of taxes... read more |
| INCORPORATOR |
Under the old Companies Act, the people who started a company were known as the subscribers, because they "subscribed" to the memorandum and articles of association. The new Companies Act which... read more |
| INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONAL |
A type of accountant who is not necessarily a chartered accountant, but who is sufficiently qualified to undertake an independent review on behalf of a smaller company. In order to reduce costs... read more |
| INDEPENDENT REVIEW |
An independent review is a lower level check of a company's financial statements which can be conducted by an independent accounting professional. This type of check is open only to smaller companies... read more |
| INDEQUITY GROUP LIMITED |
16 - 04 - 2020 Indequity (IDQ) is a short-term insurance company which writes personal line business insurance on behalf of larger insurance companies. The company targets the professional... read more |
| INDEX |
A weighted or unweighted average of the prices or market cap of a group of shares. There are many types of indices for sectors, sub-sectors and entire markets. There are also a number of ways... read more |
| INDEX FUND |
An index fund is a unit trust (collective investment scheme) which tracks a specific index - usually on the JSE.... read more |
| INDEX POINTS |
A measurement term for market indices. An index is an aggregate of the listed companies on an exchange, for example, the JSE Top 40 is an average of the top 40 companies trading on the JSE by... read more |
| INDICE |
A weighted or unweighted average of the prices or market cap of a group of shares. There are many types of indices for sectors, sub-sectors and entire markets. There are also a number of ways... read more |
| INDLUPLACE PROPERTIES LIMITED |
11 - 06 - 2020 Indluplace (ILU) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which specialises in residential property and which is 66,24% owned by Arrowhead Properties. It owns residential... read more |
| INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE |
These are special business zones which enjoy tax and other benefits to encourage rapid industrialisation. They are often located in areas where business is depressed in order to encourage growth... read more |
| INDUSTRIAL SHARE |
... read more |
| INDUSTRY |
A grouping of all shares in the same industry, usually represented by a sector index. If you look at the price page of your newspaper, you will see that the share market is divided into sectors.... read more |
| INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION |
A grouping of all shares in the same industry, usually represented by a sector index. If you look at the price page of your newspaper, you will see that the share market is divided into sectors.... read more |
| INEFFICIENT MARKETS |
Behavioural finance. Driven by frame dependence and heuristic bias, when market prices stray from fundamental values. In simple terms, new and important information which affects the profitability... read more |
| INFLATION |
Inflation is the degree to which a country's currency loses purchasing power over one year - expressed as a percentage. This is usually measured by the consumer price index (CPI), but it can... read more |
| INFLATION TARGETING |
The Reserve Bank, through its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) strives to keep the inflation rate between 3% and 6%. They target the CPI-X which is the CPI without the effect of interest rates.... read more |
| ING |
Ingenuity (ING) is a property development company which focuses on properties in the Western Cape. The company was listed on the JSE in 2007 with the objective of developing properties in the... read more |
| INGENUITY PROPERTY INVESTMENT LIMITED |
Ingenuity (ING) is a property development company which focuses on properties in the Western Cape. The company was listed on the JSE in 2007 with the objective of developing properties in the... read more |
| INITIAL MARGIN |
The amount a futures market participant must deposit into a margin account at the time an order is placed to buy or sell a futures contract. |
| INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING |
Usually coinciding with a listing, this is the first offer of shares to the investing public by a company. |
| INL |
26 - 05 - 2020 Investec (INL) does specialist banking and asset management in South Africa, Australia, Europe, the UK and a few other countries. The surprise Brexit vote in the UK has put... read more |
| INSIDE DAY |
Also called an inside day, the harami is a top or bottom candlestick reversal pattern which comprises of a small candle situated within the body of it's preceding candle. Harami means pregnant... read more |
| INSIDER TRADING |
The illegal dealing in shares by people who, because of their privileged position, have information that materially impacts on the value of the shares, before that information has been made public.... read more |
| INSIDERS |
The illegal dealing in shares by people who, because of their privileged position, have information that materially impacts on the value of the shares, before that information has been made public.... read more |
| INSIMBI INDUSTRIAL HOLDINGS LIMITED |
15 - 04 - 2020 Insimbi (ISB) is a group which manufactures and supplies specialist products to the industrial sector. They source, buy, package and process ferrous and non-ferrous alloys,... read more |
| INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR |
A collective investment scheme (as opposed to an individual), that invests funds arising from deposits, premiums, contributions etc.. Examples are insurance companies, unit trusts and pension... read more |
| INSTITUTIONAL SHARE |
A share which is followed by the big institutions and held by them in their portfolios. A listed share which is patronised by the large institutional investors on the JSE. In South Africa there... read more |
| INSTRUMENT |
A very generalised term for any sort of security or debt claim. Thus instruments can include shares, debentures, bonds, derivative contracts and so on. |
| INSURANCE ACT (18 0F 2017) |
This is a new act which came into effect on the 1st of July 2018 and which seeks "To provide for a legal framework for the prudential regulation and supervision of insurance business in the Republic... read more |
| INTANGIBLE ASSETS |
Any asset which is not concrete. For example, goodwill or patents, which belong to the company, are not represented by any physical object, but refer to the company's rights to something or the... read more |
| INTEGRATED REPORT |
The King 3 report on corporate governance requires that companies produce an integrated report which includes a "sustainability report". Listed companies are required by the JSE Rules to adhere... read more |
| INTERBANK RATES |
The foreign exchange rates at which large international banks quote other large international banks. Because of the size of such transactions and creditworthiness of the counterparties, such... read more |
| INTEREST |
Interest is the price of money. When one peson or company lends money to another then interest is charged at a percentage of the capital lent over a period of time. Interest rates are typically... read more |
| INTEREST RATE |
The price of money. Money behaves in much the same way as a commodity, in the sense that when it is in short supply, it becomes more expensive and vice versa. The interest rate is the cost of... read more |
| INTEREST RATE SWAPS |
An arrangement that requires both sides of the transaction to make payments to each other based on two different interest rates. The most commonly traded requires one side to pay a fixed rate... read more |
| INTERIM DIVIDEND |
... read more |
| INTERIM FINANCIAL RESULTS |
In terms of the Companies Act, all public companies are required to produce interim financial statements covering the first six months of their financial year. These "interims" are published... read more |
| INTERMARKET ANALYSIS |
Observing the price movement of one market for the purpose of evaluating a different market. |
| INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN |
The rate of interest which an individual, or, more commonly, an investment company is willing to accept. To determine your IRR, you need to ask yourself what amount of money received in a year's... read more |
| INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD |
In March 2001, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) Foundation was formed as a not-for-profit corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware, US. The IASC Foundation is... read more |
| INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND |
An organisation with over 185 member countries that aims to maintain international currency stability and maximise economic growth. The IMF regularly reports on world growth and economic developments.... read more |
| INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES IDENTIFICATION NUMBER |
... read more |
| INTRADAY |
Literally, "within the day" as opposed to inter-day. Intraday trades are those that occur during the trading day - i.e. where a security is both bought and sold on the same day. This is mostly... read more |
| INTRINSIC VALUE |
... read more |
| INTRODUCING BROKER |
A firm or individual that solicits and accepts futures orders from customers but does not accept money, securities, or property from the customer. An IB must be registered with the Commodity... read more |
| INTU PROPERTIES PLC |
26 - 06 - 2020 Intu (ITU) is a UK-based real estate investment trust (REIT) which is part of the FTSE 100 index. It was founded by the late Donald Gordon in 2010. It specialises in retail... read more |
| INVENTORY |
Another word for stocks of raw material, work in progress, consumable stores and finished goods. The valuation of the inventory is critical to the balance sheet. |
| INVERTED HAMMER |
The counterpart of the hammer, this is also a bullish bottom reversal candlestick formation which derives its significance from it's shadow and implies that an upward trend is imminent. The inverted... read more |
| INVERTED THREE BUDDHA |
The opposite of a head-and-shoulders formation, this formation normally comes at the bottom of a long down-trend and signals the end of that down-trend. The market makes a left shoulder with... read more |
| INVESTABLE MARKET CAPITALISATION |
The free float of a company's shares multiplied by their current market price. Also known as the free float market cap., or the investable market capitalisation. This is used in the construction... read more |
| INVESTEC AUSTRALIA PROPERTY FUND |
04 - 11 - 2019 Investec Australia Property Fund (IAP) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) which concentrates on property investments in Australia and New Zealand. It is owned 23% by... read more |
| INVESTEC BANK LTD |
26 - 05 - 2020 Investec (INL) does specialist banking and asset management in South Africa, Australia, Europe, the UK and a few other countries. The surprise Brexit vote in the UK has put... read more |
| INVESTEC PROPERTY FUND |
26 - 05 - 2020 Investec Property Fund (IPF) is a diversified South African real estate investment trust (REIT) with a R24bn portfolio of which R16bn is in South Africa. Like most REITs,... read more |
| INVESTMENT |
|
| INVESTMENT ANALYST |
An investment analyst does research on listed shares in order to provide information to a fund manager to enable him to allocate funds to specific investments. Investment analysts have to have... read more |
| INVESTMENT CLUBS |
Small, private organisations in which a group of investors, usually novices, pool their time and resources to learn more than they could on their own about various forms of investments and then... read more |
| INVESTMENT HOLDING COMPANY |
A company which holds shares in other companies as subsidiary or associate companies. |
| INVESTOR |
A person, either natural or juristic, that purchases and holds any investment in a security. On the JSE, most of the investors are institutions (pension funds, unit trusts and insurance companies)... read more |
| INVESTOR PROTECTION LEVY |
A levy charged by the JSE on all trades on the JSE consisting of 0,0002% of the value of the trade. This pays for insider trading investigations and prevents market manipulation. |
| INVICTA HOLDINGS LIMITED |
17 - 04 - 2020 Invicta (IVT) has two divisions - Engineering Solutions Group (ESG), which is a supplier of engineering consumables, components and spare parts, and Capital Equipment Group... read more |
| IPF |
26 - 05 - 2020 Investec Property Fund (IPF) is a diversified South African real estate investment trust (REIT) with a R24bn portfolio of which R16bn is in South Africa. Like most REITs,... read more |
| IPL |
06 - 06 - 2020 Imperial (IPL) was a massive logistics and motor business. It operated in 32 European and African countries and employed 27 000 people. The company split off and separately... read more |
| IPO |
Usually coinciding with a listing, this is the first offer of shares to the investing public by a company. |
| IRA |
An American retirement vehicle called an Individual Retirement Account (IRA). An employer's retirement plan that, as specified by tax law, allows employees to elect to have their federal taxable... read more |
| IRR |
The rate of interest which an individual, or, more commonly, an investment company is willing to accept. To determine your IRR, you need to ask yourself what amount of money received in a year's... read more |
| IRREGULAR FLAT |
A type of Elliott wave correction that has a 3-3-5 wave pattern, where the B wave terminates beyond the start of wave A. A "flat" is in progress, implying that a larger pattern is developing.... read more |
| ISA |
11 - 06 - 2020 ISA Holdings (ISA) is a small Alt-X listed IT company offering network, internet and information security in sub-Saharan Africa. The company claims to employ some of the leading... read more |
| ISA HOLDINGS |
11 - 06 - 2020 ISA Holdings (ISA) is a small Alt-X listed IT company offering network, internet and information security in sub-Saharan Africa. The company claims to employ some of the leading... read more |
| ISB |
15 - 04 - 2020 Insimbi (ISB) is a group which manufactures and supplies specialist products to the industrial sector. They source, buy, package and process ferrous and non-ferrous alloys,... read more |
| ISIN |
... read more |
| ISLAND FORMATION |
A period of sideways movement after a substantial fall, where the share moves up and down within a relatively narrow trading range. Eventually, there should be an up-side break-out from the island,... read more |
| ISSUED CAPITAL |
The value of the company’s authorised shares which have been sold to shareholders. Companies issue shares to the public to raise capital in what is known as the "primary market". This is... read more |
| ISSUED SHARES |
The value of the company’s authorised shares which have been sold to shareholders. Companies issue shares to the public to raise capital in what is known as the "primary market". This is... read more |
| ISSUED SHARES |
The number of shares which a company has sold to the public to raise capital for its establishment or expansion. A company must obtain authorisation from the Companies and Intellectual Property... read more |
| ITALTILE LTD |
18 - 06 - 2020 Italtile (ITE) is a franchisor of tiles, sanitary ware, flooring and home finishing products - which it manufactures and wholesales itself. The company is controlled by the... read more |
| ITE |
18 - 06 - 2020 Italtile (ITE) is a franchisor of tiles, sanitary ware, flooring and home finishing products - which it manufactures and wholesales itself. The company is controlled by the... read more |
| ITRIX |
A joint initiative by the JSE and Deutsche Bank to offer South African investors a method of investing in overseas markets using rands on the JSE. There are five Itrix ETF's trading on the JSE: ... read more |
| ITU |
26 - 06 - 2020 Intu (ITU) is a UK-based real estate investment trust (REIT) which is part of the FTSE 100 index. It was founded by the late Donald Gordon in 2010. It specialises in retail... read more |
| IVT |
17 - 04 - 2020 Invicta (IVT) has two divisions - Engineering Solutions Group (ESG), which is a supplier of engineering consumables, components and spare parts, and Capital Equipment Group... read more |